Effect of heterologous paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin-enzyme conjugates on the cross-reactivity of a saxitoxin enzyme immunoassay

Usleber, Ewald; Dietrich, Richard; Märtlbauer, Erwin; Terplan, G.

doi:10.1111/j.1472-765x.1994.tb00883.x

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A series of twofold dilutions in buffer of bacterial cell extracts was used in a commercial enzyme immunoassay according to the protocol provided in the kit (Ridascreen; Digen, Oxford, United Kingdom). A color reaction indicated the presence of STX, dc-STX, GTX 2, GTX 3, B1, C1, or C2 either individually or in combination (51,52).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for production of paralytic shellfish toxins by bacteria associated with Alexandrium spp. (Dinophyta) in culture

Gallacher

Flynn

Franco

et al. 1997

Appl Environ Microbiol

133

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A substantial proportion of bacteria from five Alexandrium cultures originally isolated from various countries produced sodium channel blocking (SCB) toxins, as ascertained by mouse neuroblastoma assay. The quantities of SCB toxins produced by bacteria and dinoflagellates were noted, and the limitations in comparing the toxicities of these two organisms are discussed. The chemical nature of the SCB toxins in selected bacterial isolates was determined as paralytic shellfish toxins by pre-and postcolumn high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry, and enzyme immunoassay.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for production of paralytic shellfish toxins by bacteria associated with Alexandrium spp. (Dinophyta) in culture

Gallacher

Flynn

Franco

et al. 1997

Appl Environ Microbiol

133

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“…These include radioimmunoassay ( Carlson et al 1984 ), immunoaffinity columns ( Dietrich et al 1996 ), lateral flow devices ( Jellett et al 1998 ; Laycock et al 2010 ) and numerous competitive enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). Indirect EIAs have been developed for STX ( Chu and Fan 1985 ; Cembella et al 1990 ; Micheli et al 2002 ), neosaxitoxin (NEO) ( Chu et al 1992 ; Bürk et al 1995 ) and gonyautoxin (GTX) 2/3 ( Kawatsu et al 2002 ) and direct EIAs for STX and NEO ( Usleber et al 1991 ; Schneider et al 1995 ; Chu et al 1996 ; Huang et al 1996 ; Dubois et al 2010 ) and GTX 2/3 ( Kawatsu et al 2002 ). These assays all utilise antibodies produced using the previously mentioned protein conjugation chemistries with the primary modification being the PSP toxin to which the protein is conjugated.…”

Section: Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxin binders for optical biosensor technology: problems and possibilities for the future: a review

Campbell

Rawn

Niedzwiadek

et al. 2011

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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This review examines the developments in optical biosensor technology, which uses the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance, for the detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins. Optical biosensor technology measures the competitive biomolecular interaction of a specific biological recognition element or binder with a target toxin immobilised onto a sensor chip surface against toxin in a sample. Different binders such as receptors and antibodies previously employed in functional and immunological assays have been assessed. Highlighted are the difficulties in detecting this range of low molecular weight toxins, with analogues differing at four chemical substitution sites, using a single binder. The complications that arise with the toxicity factors of each toxin relative to the parent compound, saxitoxin, for the measurement of total toxicity relative to the mouse bioassay are also considered. For antibodies, the cross-reactivity profile does not always correlate to toxic potency, but rather to the toxin structure to which it was produced. Restrictions and availability of the toxins makes alternative chemical strategies for the synthesis of protein conjugate derivatives for antibody production a difficult task. However, when two antibodies with different cross-reactivity profiles are employed, with a toxin chip surface generic to both antibodies, it was demonstrated that the cross-reactivity profile of each could be combined into a single-assay format. Difficulties with receptors for optical biosensor analysis of low molecular weight compounds are discussed, as are the potential of alternative non-antibody-based binders for future assay development in this area.

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“…In contrast, it is accepted that the competitive EIA has a high specificity and sensitivity and requires no cleanup of samples. Therefore, ETA systems for some marine toxins such as saxitoxin, ciguatoxin and okadaic acid have been developed (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35). Recently, there have been a few reports on competitive ETA for TTX (36)(37)(38); however, these ETA systems for TTX were either of a low sensitivity (36) or required a long time for determination of TTX in comparison with the mouse bioassay (37,38).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and Highly Sensitive Enzyme Immunoassay for Quantitative Determination of Tetrodotoxin

Kawatsu

Hamano

Yoda

et al. 1997

JJMSB

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SUMMARY: A monoclonal antibody against tetrodotoxin (TTX) was obtained from Balb/c mice immunized with TTX-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate . The monoclonal antibody was highly specific for TTX and had no cross-reaction to tetrodonic acid, which is a TTX derivative, or gonyautoxins, although a minor cross-reaction to anhydro-tetrodotoxin was observed. The monoclonal antibody neutralized the lethal activity of TTX. By using the monoclonal antibody, a rapid and highly sensitive competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for quantitative analysis of TTX was developed. By the competitive EIA system, TTX can be determined quantitatively in about 30 min (90 min are required if the time for preparation of the solid-phase antigen was included), and the working range for quantitative analysis of TTX was 2-100 ng/ml. In recovery tests and examinations of TTX samples, results of the mouse bioassay and ETA analyses correlated well (r=0.987). Moreover, it was demonstrated that low concentrations of TTX, which could not be detected by the mouse bioassay, could be determined quantitatively by the competitive EIA.

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Effect of heterologous paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin-enzyme conjugates on the cross-reactivity of a saxitoxin enzyme immunoassay

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Evidence for production of paralytic shellfish toxins by bacteria associated with Alexandrium spp. (Dinophyta) in culture

Evidence for production of paralytic shellfish toxins by bacteria associated with Alexandrium spp. (Dinophyta) in culture

Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxin binders for optical biosensor technology: problems and possibilities for the future: a review

Rapid and Highly Sensitive Enzyme Immunoassay for Quantitative Determination of Tetrodotoxin

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