Effect of High-Energy Cathode Rays on Cellulose

Saeman, Jerome F.; Millett, Merrill A.; Lawton, Elliott J.

doi:10.1021/ie50516a027

Cited by 130 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Carboxylic acid group formation has also been claimed (Saeman et al 1952;Nitzel 1984). However, Muto et al (1995) have found carboxyl groups increase when irradiating cotton handsheet but not when irradiating bleached kraft hardwood handsheet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…It has been reported that carbonyl groups are formed in the presence of air during irradiation (Saeman et al 1952;Dziedziela and Rosiak 1977;Muto et al 1995;Taba´cs et al 2000) but the effect of varying the electron beam energy has never been addressed. If electron beam energy has an influence on the chain scission rate, it is possible that it also has one on carbonyl formation rate.…”

Section: Effect Of Irradiation On Polysaccharide Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Formation of carboxylic groups has been claimed (Saeman et al 1952;Dziedziela and Rosiak 1977) Formation from cotton but not from hardwood kraft (Muto et al 1995) No evidence of carboxylic group formation (Nitzel 1984) A decrease of carboxylic group (decarboxylation and CO 2 emission) (Ducha´cˇek and Blud'ovsky 1979).…”

Section: Effect Of Irradiation On Polysaccharide Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When irradiation is applied in the presence of oxygen, carbonyl groups are formed on the cellulose (Saeman et al 1952;Dziedziela and Rosiak 1977;Muto et al 1995) and a linear relationship has been found between carbonyl infrared absorption at 1740 cm )1 and the dosage (Taba´cs et al 2000). Carboxylic acid group formation has also been claimed (Saeman et al 1952;Nitzel 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of ionizing radiation on the cellulose of woodfree paper

2006

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There is presently a concern because the US Postal Service now has 8 electron beam accelerators to treat mail in locations along the east coast and that a sufficient dosage to destroy Anthrax is also strong enough to darken and weaken the paper in the postal envelopes. In addition to direct photolytic scission of the cellulose chain, irradiation darkens paper, swells pulp fibres, increases hygroscopicity, and renders the cellulose more soluble in alkaline solution and more susceptible to acid hydrolysis. This report will focus on the effect of electron beam irradiation on degradation of cellulose of fine papers. Three reference papers were selected, sorted into postal envelopes and exposed to electron beam irradiation. The results have shown that irradiation at the dosage used to treat mail by the US Postal Service depolymerizes and oxidizes the cellulose. Depolymerization is responsible for a decrease of paper strength while oxidation induces darkening of the paper. Irradiating at high electron beam energy is less damaging than using lower energy. Moreover, linear relationships have been found between the number of chain scission (CSN) in cellulose and the irradiation dosage as well as between CSN and Zero-Span Breaking Length. These relationships make the strength loss predictable.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Effect Of Irradiation On Polysaccharide Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Irradiation On Polysaccharide Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The effects of ionizing radiation on the cellulose of woodfree paper

2006

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“…The random break-up of cellulose chains in gamma irradiated wood is a typical reaction (Seaman et al, 1952;Kenaga and Cowling, 1959). Seifert (1964), Tabirih et al (1977) and Cutter et al (1980) found that the holocellulose portion of cell walls was degraded by gamma irradiation.…”

Section: Chemical Properties Of Gamma Irradiated Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%