Effect of high intake of cod or salmon on serum total neopterin concentration: a randomised clinical trial

Helland, Anita; Bratlie, Marianne; Hagen, Ingrid V; Midttun, Øivind; Sveier, Harald; Mellgren, Gunnar; Ueland, Per Magne; Gudbrandsen, Oddrun Anita

doi:10.1007/s00394-021-02497-0

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Further, adult study participants with overweight/obesity consuming five weekly dinners with cod fillet actually had lower serum concentration of neopterin (stimulated by interferon-γ during immune activation) (50) , with no changes in serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (51) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…This is also supported by previous observations of no signs of increased inflammation in obese Zucker fa/fa rats after dietary treatment with Atlantic cod (48) or blue whiting ( Micromesistius poutassou ) (49) , both members of the Gadidae family. Further, adult study participants with overweight/obesity consuming five weekly dinners with cod fillet actually had lower serum concentrations of neopterin (stimulated by interferon- γ during immune activation) (50) , with no changes in serum concentrations of TNF- α , IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (51) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary fish intake increased the concentration of soluble ACE2 in rats: can fish consumption reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection through interception of SARS-CoV-2 by soluble ACE2?

et al. 2023

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters the cells after binding to the membrane-bound receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), but this may be prevented through interception by soluble ACE2 (sACE2) or by inhibition of the ACE2 receptor, thus obstructing cell entry and replication. The main objective of this study was to investigate if fish intake affected the concentration of sACE2 in rats. The secondary aim was to evaluate the in vitro ACE2 inhibiting activity of fish proteins. Rats were fed cod muscle as 25% of dietary protein, and blood was collected after four weeks intervention. Muscle, backbone, skin, head, stomach, stomach content, intestine and swim bladder from haddock, saithe, cod and redfish were hydrolysed with trypsin before ACE2 inhibiting activity was measured in vitro. In vivo data were compared using unpaired Student’s t test, and in vitro data were compared using one-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey HSD post hoc test. The mean sACE2 concentration was 47% higher in rats fed cod when compared to control rats (P 0.034), whereas serum concentrations of angiotensin II and tumour necrosis factor-α were similar between the two experimental groups. Muscle, backbone, skin and head from all four fish species inhibited ACE2 activity in vitro, whereas the remaining fractions had no effect. To conclude, our novel data demonstrate that fish intake increased the sACE2 concentration in rats, and that hydrolysed fish proteins inhibited ACE2 activity in vitro.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary fish intake increased the concentration of soluble ACE2 in rats: can fish consumption reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection through interception of SARS-CoV-2 by soluble ACE2?

et al. 2023

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“…A randomised cross-over study in overweight men ( n = 32) comparing herring with chicken and pork (750 g/week for 6 weeks) found an increase in s-B12 (8.9%) and s-selenium (4.6%), but not s-vitamin D, during the herring diet [ 5 ]. In the previously mentioned RCT comparing intake of salmon or cod consumed as whole filet (750 g/week), only cod increased s-selenium compared to controls [ 29 ]. We have previously performed a post-prandial analysis of serum amino acids in five healthy adults after intake of the study product, and found a non-significant increase in serum levels of most amino acids [ 15 ], supporting that the capsules were absorbed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmon fish protein supplement increases serum vitamin B12 and selenium concentrations: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial

et al. 2022

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Purpose The main aim of the present study was to examine the effect of a fish protein supplement made from by-products from production of Atlantic salmon, on blood concentration of micronutrients. Methods We conducted an 8-week double-blind parallel-group randomised controlled trial. In total, 88 adults were randomised to a salmon fish protein supplement or placebo, and 74 participants were included in the analysis of vitamin D, omega-3, vitamin B12, selenium, folate, zinc, homocysteine and mercury. Results During the intervention period, geometric mean (GSD) of serum vitamin B12 concentrations increased from 304 (1.40) to 359 (1.42) pmol/L in the fish protein group (P vs. controls = 0.004) and mean (SD) serum selenium increased from 1.18 (0.22) to 1.30 (0.20) μmol/L (P vs. controls = 0.002). The prevalence of low vitamin B12 status (B12 < 148–221 > pmol/L) decreased from 15.4 to 2.6% in the fish protein group, while increasing from 5.9 to 17.6% in the placebo group (P = 0.045). There was no difference between the groups in serum levels of the other micronutrients measured. Conclusion Including a salmon fish protein supplement in the daily diet for 8 weeks, increases serum vitamin B12 and selenium concentrations. From a sustainability perspective, by-products with high contents of micronutrients and low contents of contaminants, could be a valuable dietary supplement or food ingredient in populations with suboptimal intake. Trail Registration The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT03764423) on June 29th 2018.

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“…In recent Norwegian studies, median plasma/serum selenium concentrations varied between 64 to 95 µg/L, with 25-percentiles down to 51 µg/L (45)(46)(47)(48). In an earlier study from a clinical chemistry laboratory, serum selenium concentrations were followed from 1995 to 2006.…”

Section: Plasma/serum Concentration Of Seleniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023

Alexander,

Olsen

2023

Food & Nutrition Research

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Selenium is an essential trace element in humans, critical to the normal physiology in all animal species. The main form of selenium in food is selenomethionine, selenocysteine and a variety of organic compounds, while inorganic salts mainly occur in food supplements. In animals and humans, selenium occurs as selenocysteine in selenoproteins encoded by 25 genes (specific selenium pool). Several selenoproteins are part of the antioxidant enzyme system and serve as oxido-reductases and in thyroid hormone regulation. SelenoproteinP (SELENOP) transports selenium to peripheral tissues, is the main plasma selenoprotein, and has been used as biomarker of selenium status and intake. SELENOP in plasma represents a saturable pool of selenium and is maximised at a selenium concentration in plasma of about 110 µg/L or an intake of selenomethionine at about 1.2 µg/kg body weight in adults. In Finland, with an estimated selenium intake of 88 µg/day in men and 68 µg/day in women, the average selenium concentration in plasma is about 110 µg/L. Imported wheat from selenium rich areas is an important dietary source in Norway. Dietary intakes in the Nordic and Baltic area vary from 39 to 88 µg/day in men and 22 to 68 µg/day in women, the highest levels were from Finland. Most intervention trials on the effect of selenium supplementation on health outcomes have been carried out in ‘selenium-replete’-populations and show no beneficial effect, which from a nutritional point of view would rather not be expected. Some intervention studies conducted in populations low in selenium have showed a beneficial effect. Observational studies suggest an inverse relationship between selenium status and risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer and all-cause mortality, and some other outcomes at low levels of intake (<55 µg/day) or in plasma or serum (<100 µg/L). However, a lack of quantitative data and inconsistencies between studies precludes these studies to be used to derive dietary reference values. At high intakes above 330 to 450 µg/day selenium may cause toxic effects affecting liver, peripheral nerves, skin, nails, and hair. An upper tolerable level (UL) of 255 µg selenium/day in adults was established by EFSA.

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Effect of high intake of cod or salmon on serum total neopterin concentration: a randomised clinical trial

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

Dietary fish intake increased the concentration of soluble ACE2 in rats: can fish consumption reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection through interception of SARS-CoV-2 by soluble ACE2?

Dietary fish intake increased the concentration of soluble ACE2 in rats: can fish consumption reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection through interception of SARS-CoV-2 by soluble ACE2?

Salmon fish protein supplement increases serum vitamin B12 and selenium concentrations: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial

Selenium – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023

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