Effect of high-nitrate beetroot juice consumption on thyroid gland hormones and iodine levels in adults

Pinheiro, Vivian dos Santos; Volino-Souza, Mônica; Oliveira, Gustavo Vieira de; Conté-Júnior, Carlos Adam; Álvares, Thiago Silveira

doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100869

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This can be explained by the presence of betalain in the composition of this food, which has potential health benefits, and no association with hepatic changes was demonstrated [ 50 ]. These results reinforce those of previous studies showing the safety of beetroot supplementation at similar doses in different adult populations [ 51 , 52 , 53 ]. In addition, there were no differences between the beetroot extract and control groups in anthropometric and liver and kidney function biomarkers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Evaluation of 12-Week Standardized Beetroot Extract Supplementation in Older Participants: A Preliminary Study of Human Health Safety

Pinheiro,

Junior,

Ortmann

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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In recent years, there has been a notable surge in the popularity of beetroot-based dietary supplements, driven by their rich nitrate composition. Several types of beetroot-based dietary supplements can be found in markets worldwide; however, ensuring the safety of dietary supplements is a crucial consideration, as there is limited evidence on their safety, especially for older populations. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of a nitrate-rich beetroot extract in older participants taking supplements over 12 weeks. The participants were randomly assigned to receive 20 g daily of beetroot extract or a matching placebo. The safety and tolerability of the supplementation were evaluated as the occurrence of adverse events and anthropometric, biochemical, and hemodynamic parameters were measured. No serious adverse events were reported in any group. Anthropometric, biochemical, and hemodynamic parameter changes between the baseline and the end of the study were not statistically significant in either group. However, interestingly, the group receiving beetroot extract supplementation exhibited a notable increase in plasma nitrate levels (p = 0.076, f = 0.50) and showed a decrease in insulin levels (p = 0.026, f = 0.59). In conclusion, we found that 20 g of beetroot extract supplementation for 12 weeks was safe and well tolerated in older participants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Evaluation of 12-Week Standardized Beetroot Extract Supplementation in Older Participants: A Preliminary Study of Human Health Safety

Pinheiro,

Junior,

Ortmann

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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“…Some studies have observed a decrease [ 442 ], an increase [ 443 ] or no change [ 385 ] in TSH levels as a result of higher nitrate exposure. Moreover, a decrease [ 385 , 387 ], an increase [ 442 ] or no change [ 443 , 444 , 445 ] in T4 levels was observed as a result of higher nitrate exposure, while T3 levels did not correlate with nitrate levels [ 444 , 445 ].…”

Section: Environmental Factors That Influence Tsh and Thyroid Hormone Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Factors Affecting Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Thyroid Hormone Levels

Leko

Gunjača

Pleić

et al. 2021

IJMS

131

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Thyroid hormones are necessary for the normal functioning of physiological systems. Therefore, knowledge of any factor (whether genetic, environmental or intrinsic) that alters the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones is crucial. Genetic factors contribute up to 65% of interindividual variations in TSH and thyroid hormone levels, but many environmental factors can also affect thyroid function. This review discusses studies that have analyzed the impact of environmental factors on TSH and thyroid hormone levels in healthy adults. We included lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, diet and exercise) and pollutants (chemicals and heavy metals). Many inconsistencies in the results have been observed between studies, making it difficult to draw a general conclusion about how a particular environmental factor influences TSH and thyroid hormone levels. However, lifestyle factors that showed the clearest association with TSH and thyroid hormones were smoking, body mass index (BMI) and iodine (micronutrient taken from the diet). Smoking mainly led to a decrease in TSH levels and an increase in triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels, while BMI levels were positively correlated with TSH and free T3 levels. Excess iodine led to an increase in TSH levels and a decrease in thyroid hormone levels. Among the pollutants analyzed, most studies observed a decrease in thyroid hormone levels after exposure to perchlorate. Future studies should continue to analyze the impact of environmental factors on thyroid function as they could contribute to understanding the complex background of gene–environment interactions underlying the pathology of thyroid diseases.

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Effect of high-nitrate beetroot juice consumption on thyroid gland hormones and iodine levels in adults

Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

Evaluation of 12-Week Standardized Beetroot Extract Supplementation in Older Participants: A Preliminary Study of Human Health Safety

Evaluation of 12-Week Standardized Beetroot Extract Supplementation in Older Participants: A Preliminary Study of Human Health Safety

Environmental Factors Affecting Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Thyroid Hormone Levels

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