Effect of High Pressure and Steaming Extraction Processes on Ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 Contents of Cultured-Root in Wild Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer)

Influence of organic acids and heat treatment on ginsenoside conversion

“…The organic acids in ginseng and crude saponin were postulated to cause the differences in the conversion ratios between ginseng and crude saponin. The changes in ginsenoside composition in ginseng upon heat treatment were in accord with previous results [13] . Specifically, it was reported that major ginsenosides such as Rg 1 , Re, Rb 1 , Rc, Rb 2 , and Rd decreased, and Rg 3 increased upon repeated steaming treatments [22] .…”

“…Research studies on the effects of repeated steaming on ginsenoside composition and physicochemical properties of ginseng [10] , changes in ginsenosides from black ginseng prepared due to steam–dry cycles [11] , pH and temperature on ginsenoside composition in red ginseng water extracts [12] , high-pressure and steaming extraction on ginsenoside Rg 3 and Rh 2 contents [13] , high pressures, temperatures, and extraction solvents on ginsenosides of ginseng [14] , changes in ginsenoside composition by roasting [2] , and gamma irradiation of the conversion of ginsenoside Rb 1 to Rg 3 [15] were previously conducted. Accordingly, the primary factors that affect ginsenoside conversion include temperature, heating time, extraction solvent, and stability of ginsenosides.…”

Changes in Ginsenoside Compositions by High Temperature Processing under Various Soaking Conditions

“…A previous study on the changes of ginseng's physicochemical properties during repeated steaming processes reported that the levels of ginsenoside Rg 1 , Re, and Rb 1 in steamed ginseng decreased whereas ginsenoside Rg 3 increased, as the duration of the steaming processes was prolonged (Hong et al, 2007). Choi et al (2012) have reported that the content of ginsenoside Rg 3 increased from 0.32 to 5.79 mg/g after three steaming processes, before decreasing with further steam processing. Thermal treatment-induced elevation of ginsenoside Rg 3 (S), Rg 3 (R), and Rk 1 has also been found to take place in black ginseng that undergoes the steaming process (Nam et al, 2012).…”

Heat Treatment Enhances the Neuroprotective Effects of Crude Ginseng Saponin by Increasing Minor Ginsenosides

“…Traditionally, red ginseng is manufactured by steaming at 98-100°C for 2-3 h, and there are reports that it has greater pharmacological effects than ginseng that has not been steamed [21]. Kim et al reported that the contents of major ginsenosides such as Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, and Rd decreased when steaming was repeated, and the content of Rg3, a minor ginsenoside, increased [22,23].…”