“…Graphene is a remarkably 2D layer with a C–C bond length of 1.420 Å, as displayed in Fig. 2 b, (the simplest and most important crystalline allotrope of carbon atoms), which originates in a tightly packed hexagonal lattice with a purely sp2 orbital hybridization at ambient temperature [ 72 , 73 ]. This bond results in some impressive mechanical properties [ 74 ].…”