Effect of highly pressurized hydrogen gas charging on the hydrogen embrittlement of API X70 steel

Sung, Chi-Eun; Bang, Hyun-Ju; Lee, Sang-Pill; Lee, Jin-Kyung; Son, In-Soo; Cho, Young-Rae; Baek, Un Bong; Nahm, Seung Hoon

doi:10.1007/s12540-014-4010-5

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The environmental hydrogen charging method can simulate the hydrogen permeation behavior of materials under natural conditions and detect the actual hydrogen permeation amount, including gas-phase hydrogen charging and self-corrosive hydrogen charging. Gas-phase hydrogen charging can simulate the hydrogen permeation behavior in high-temperature and high-pressure H 2 -containing environments and the effect of hydrogen permeation behavior on material properties (Bae et al, 2014;Timing et al, 2015). Self-corrosive hydrogenation is usually used to study the hydrogen permeability in acid solutions containing H 2 S (Akhmetov et al, 1992), and compare the hydrogen permeability between different solutions containing acid ions (Wu et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on hydrogen permeation behavior of X80 steel under AC stray current interference

Wang¹,

Deng²,

Li³

et al. 2021

ACMM

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Purpose Alternating current (AC) corrosion is a type of corrosion that occurs in buried pipelines under AC stray current interference, which can increase the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of pipelines. However, rare research works have been conducted on the hydrogen permeability characteristics of pipeline steel under AC stray current interference. The purpose of this paper is to study hydrogen permeation behavior of X80 steel under AC stray current interference. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the hydrogen permeation behavior of X80 steel under AC interference is studied by AC hydrogen charging experiment in a dual electrolytic cell. The relationship between hydrogen evolution rate and hydrogen permeation flux is studied using the gas collection method. The difference between AC hydrogen permeability and direct current (DC) hydrogen permeability is also discussed. Findings The anodic dissolution caused by AC corrosion promotes the chemical desorption reaction of the adsorbed hydrogen atoms on the surface, reducing the hydrogen atom absorption ratio by 70%. When the AC is smaller than 150░ A/m2, the hydrogen permeation process is controlled by the hydrogen atom generation rate, and the hydrogen permeation flux increases with the increase in hydrogen atom generation rate. When the AC exceeds 400░ A/m2, the hydrogen permeation process is controlled by the absorption ratio. The hydrogen permeation flux decreases with the decrease in the absorption ratio. Under AC interference, there is a maximum hydrogen permeation flux that linearly correlates to the H+ concentration in the solutions. Originality/value The high-strength steel is very sensitive to hydrogen embrittlement, and X80 steel has been widely used in oil and gas pipelines. To date, no research has been conducted on the hydrogen permeation behavior of pipeline steel under AC interference, and the hydrogen permeability characteristics of pipeline steel under AC interference are not clear. The research results of this paper are of great significance for ensuring the intrinsic safety of high-strength pipelines under AC stray current interference.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on hydrogen permeation behavior of X80 steel under AC stray current interference

Wang¹,

Deng²,

Li³

et al. 2021

ACMM

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“…The research methods of HE can be divided into macroscopic experimental test, microscopic observation and molecular dynamics simulation, a new kind of numerical simulation. The test object was generally the metal charged with hydrogen, and the hydrogen charging modes included electrochemical hydrogen charging-to study the susceptibility to loss of ductility after cathodic hydrogen charging [43,44], highly pressurized hydrogen charging-to study the effects of the hydrogen content under high-pressure hydrogen gas conditions on the HE of the steel [45][46][47], and gaseous hydrogen pre-charged [48]. The macroscopic performance of HE is the decline of toughness and plasticity of metal materials and the change of fracture form.…”

Section: Research Methods Of Hementioning

confidence: 99%

A review on hazards and risks to pipeline operation under transporting hydrogen energy and hydrogen-mixed natural gas

Li,

Song,

Zhang

2024

Sci. Tech. Energ. Transition

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As an efficient and clean fuel, hydrogen energy plays an important role in relieving the energy crisis and achieving the ori-entation of zero carbon emissions. Transportation is the key link in the construction of hydrogen energy infrastructure. For large-scale and long-distance transportation of hydrogen, pipeline transportation has the advantages of high efficiency and cost saving. While using the existing natural gas pipeline to transport hydrogen, it would economize the economic cost, time cost and labor cost. However, the transportation of hydrogen may bring more hazards and risks. Based on the investigation of a large number of literatures, the research advance in hydrogen embrittlement, leakage, combustion and explosion risk of hydrogen and hydrogen-mixed natural gas pipelines was reviewed. The mechanism, research means and evaluation meth-ods of hydrogen embrittlement, as well as the experimental and numerical simulation research results of leakage, combus-tion and explosion were discussed in detail. The definite and important conclusions include: (1) For buried hydrogen-mixed natural gas transportation pipeline, the leakage rate of hydrogen and methane is the same, the formation of the leakage crater is foreign to the nature of leakage gas. (2) When adding less than 25 volume percentage of hydrogen into the natural gas pipelines, the explosion risk would not be increased. Future research should focus on the risk prediction, quantitative risk assessment, intelligent monitoring, and explosion-suppression technical measures of hydrogen and hydrogen-mixed natural gas transportation pipelines, so as to establish comprehensive and multi-level pipeline safety protection barriers.

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“…This trend was not found for the corresponding values of the relative notched ultimate tensile strength, UTS (Figure 5c) where no significant degradation was reported up to a fugacity of 10.6 MPa. [6,8,9,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. (b) Tensile RRA of notched specimens for X70 and X80 steels data from [7][8][9]37,38].…”

Section: Tensile Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Hydrogen in Mixed Gases on the Mechanical Properties of Steels—Theoretical Background and Review of Test Results

Michler

Elsässer

Wackermann

et al. 2021

Metals

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This review summarizes the thermodynamics of hydrogen (H2) in mixed gases of nitrogen (N2), methane (CH4) and natural gas, with a special focus on hydrogen fugacity. A compilation and interpretation of literature results for mechanical properties of steels as a function of hydrogen fugacity implies that test results obtained in gas mixtures and in pure hydrogen, both at the same fugacity, are equivalent. However, this needs to be verified experimentally. Among the test methods reviewed here, fatigue crack growth testing is the most sensitive method to measure hydrogen effects in pipeline steels followed by fracture toughness testing and tensile testing.

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Effect of highly pressurized hydrogen gas charging on the hydrogen embrittlement of API X70 steel

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Study on hydrogen permeation behavior of X80 steel under AC stray current interference

Study on hydrogen permeation behavior of X80 steel under AC stray current interference

A review on hazards and risks to pipeline operation under transporting hydrogen energy and hydrogen-mixed natural gas

Effect of Hydrogen in Mixed Gases on the Mechanical Properties of Steels—Theoretical Background and Review of Test Results

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