Effect of hindlimb unloading and reloading on the soleus and plantaris muscles in diabetic rats

Madokoro, Sachiko; Inaoka, Pleiades Tiharu; Tanaka, Shoji; Yamazaki, Toshiaki

doi:10.1589/jpts.30.1150

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Notably, the first few days of the experimental period, rats in the simulated gravity groups all exhibited a transient decrease in body weight, which subsequently plateaued and then increased. This pattern has been observed in other ground-based models, as well as astronauts (Matsumoto et al, 2011;Stein 2012;Madokoro et al, 2018) (Figure 2C). During the experiment, the body weights of rats in both the control and sham groups significantly increased from baseline.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

A new type of simulated partial gravity apparatus for rats based on a pully-spring system

Zhang

Adachi²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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The return to the Moon and the landing on Mars has emphasized the need for greater attention to the effects of partial gravity on human health. Here, we sought to devise a new type of simulated partial gravity apparatus that could more efficiently and accurately provide a partial gravity environment for rat hindlimbs. The new apparatus uses a pulley system and tail suspension to create the simulated partial gravity of the rat’s hind limbs by varying the weight in a balance container attached to the pulley system. An experiment was designed to verify the reliability and stability of the new apparatus. In this experiment, 25 seven-week-old male Wistar Hannover rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 5 per group): hindlimb full weight-bearing control (1G), sham (1G), and the simulated gravity groups including Mars (3/8G), Moon (1/6G), and interplanetary space (microgravity: µG). The levels of partial gravity experienced by rat hindlimbs in the Mars and Moon groups were provided by a novel simulated partial gravity device. Changes in bone parameters [overall bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular BMD, cortical BMD, cortical bone thickness, minimum moment of area (MMA), and polar moment of area (PMA)] were evaluated using computed tomography in all rats at the proximal, middle, and distal regions of femur and tibia. Reduced gravity led to decreases in bone parameters (overall BMD, trabecular BMD, cortical BMD, MMA, and PMA) in the simulated gravity groups, mainly in distal femur and proximal tibia. The proximal tibia, MMA, and PMA findings indicated greater weakness in the µG group than in the Mars group. The sham group design also excluded the decrease in lower limb bone parameters caused by the suspension attachment of the rat’s tail. The new simulated partial gravity apparatus can provide a continuous and stable level of partial gravity. It offers a reliable and valuable model for studying the effects of extraterrestrial gravity environments on humans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

A new type of simulated partial gravity apparatus for rats based on a pully-spring system

Zhang

Adachi²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…Previous studies reported that two-week tail suspension caused Gas muscle atrophy in rodents [ 18 – 21 ], and subsequent two-week reloading caused recovery of the Gas muscle wet weight in young adult mice [ 21 ] and rats [ 19 ]. In addition, a previous study of unloaded T2DM rats followed by a week of reloading revealed no marked difference in the course of soleus muscle mass loss and recovery [ 22 ]. Therefore, the results were consistent with those studies, indicating that muscle atrophy was caused by tail suspension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the cause of muscle loss at R1w in T2DM remains speculative, but given the high fasting blood glucose level at R1w, it may have been caused by insulin resistance or increased inflammation due to reloading. However, the level of muscle damage after reloading was not shown to differ markedly between non-DM and T2DM rats [ 22 ], and the anabolic response to diet was similar in T2DM subjects and age-matched controls [ 26 ]. Therefore, the findings were similar to previous results, suggesting that the muscle protein metabolism did not differ markedly due to activity-dependent changes between non-DM and T2DM rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood lipid profile changes in type 2 diabetic rats after tail suspension and reloading

et al. 2021

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Purpose The effects of the tail suspension and reloading on the protein and lipid metabolism in muscle and blood in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are unclear. This study evaluated the hypothesis that skeletal muscle catabolism is greater in T2DM than in non-diabetes mellitus (non-DM) rats and that the activity-dependent changes in the intramuscular lipid accumulation and blood lipid profile are poorer in T2DM than in non-DM rats. Methods T2DM and non-DM rats were suspended for two weeks followed by reloading for two weeks. The muscle and blood were then examined. Results In contrast to our hypothesis, there was no marked difference between the T2DM and non-DM groups in terms of the skeletal muscle catabolism and activity-dependent changes in intramuscular lipid accumulation. However, the blood lipid profile increased in the T2DM group compared to the non-DM group. One interesting finding in this study was the decrease in non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol levels after one week of reloading followed by a significant increase in the non-HDL cholesterol levels after two weeks of reloading in the T2DM group. Conclusion These results suggest that a dramatic increase in activity after a period of inactivity may rapidly improve the blood lipid profile in T2DM rats.

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Longitudinal time course of muscle impairments during partial weight-bearing in rats

Mortreux

Riveros

et al. 2019

npj Microgravity

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In the near future, space agencies plan to send the first crews for extended stays on the Moon and Mars, where gravity is significantly reduced compared to Earth (0.16× g and 0.38× g , respectively). However, the long-term effects of partial gravity have not yet been elucidated, and ensuring astronauts’ health and performance is crucial to the success of these missions. Using a quadrupedal partial weight-bearing (PWB) model in rats that we designed, we investigated the longitudinal time course of muscle function at three different PWB levels. We demonstrated that both muscle mass and muscle function are significantly impaired in reduced weight-bearing environments as early as after 7 days of suspension. Moreover, we showed that muscular alterations are correlated to the PWB level and do not reach a plateau during a 1-month exposure to reduced weight-bearing, emphasizing the need for mitigating countermeasures for safe and successful extraterrestrial exploration.

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Effect of hindlimb unloading and reloading on the soleus and plantaris muscles in diabetic rats

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

A new type of simulated partial gravity apparatus for rats based on a pully-spring system

A new type of simulated partial gravity apparatus for rats based on a pully-spring system

Blood lipid profile changes in type 2 diabetic rats after tail suspension and reloading

Longitudinal time course of muscle impairments during partial weight-bearing in rats

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