Effect of HMX additives on the mechanism of ballistite-propellant combustion

Combustion of systems containing linear nitramines

“…It is obvious that the addition of RDX to the powder or the replacement of NGC by DNP decreases the surface temperature and the temperature gradient near the surface. This, as in the case of HMX [8,11,12], (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) leads to a decrease in the burning rate. For all samples, the heat supply from the smoke-gas zone is 10-15%, i.e., the leading stage of combustion is in the c-phase.…”

“…7). This is most likely due to the fact that HMX, which is more heat-resistant than the NC-TM system, requires heat consumption in heating and melting of the c-phase, which probably reduces the dT /dx temperature gradient above the burning surface, as in the case of combustion of powder A (see Table 4) and other double-base powders [11].…”

“…TNH and DNP (10-40%) were added to the powder in proportion instead of all compo- nents. The addition of TNH, as well as RDX [8] and HMX [8,11,12], reduces the burning rate (Table 3), which decreases monotonically with increase in its content in the powder. For example, at p = 10 MPa, Z = 0.76 for a sample with 20% TNH, Z = 0.61 for a sample with 30% TNH, and Z = 0.52 for a sample with 40% TNH [here and below, the effect of the additive on the burning rate is evaluated by the quantity Z = u add /u 0 , where u add and u 0 are the burning rates of the sample with the additive (TNH in this case) and without it, respectively].…”

“…Therefore, the mechanism of their combustion [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and the combustion of mixtures containing these nitramines [6,[9][10][11][12] have been thoroughly studied. At the same time, the combustion of linear nitramines and compositions based on them has received little study although some of them have long been known [13].…”

The effect of citrate plasticizers on the properties of nitrocellulose granules

“…Reduce the temperature of combustion Nitroguanidine (NQ) [13] Improve ballistic properties Hexogen (RDX), octogen (HMX) [14,15] Plasticizers Reduce the level of mixture viscosity, decrease the glass temperature, improve the mechanical properties Nitroglycerin (NG), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN), triethylene glycol dinitrate (TEGDN), trimethylethane trinitrate (TMETN), butanetriol trinitrate (BTTN) [6,[16][17][18][19][20][21] Inert additives Stabilizers of NC Centralit I (CI), centralit II (CII), acardite I (AkaI), acardite II (AkaII), diphenylamine (DPA), triphenylamine (TPA), 2-nitrodiphenylamine (2-NDPA) [1,22] Antistatic and anti-adhesive agent Graphite [1,22] Reduce the burn rate Oxamide [1,22] Reduce the temperature of combustion Potassium nitrate, potassium sulphate [1,22] Stabilizing combustion Zirconium carbide [1,22] T A B L E 2 Melting point, oxygen balance and density of ATEC, TBC, DBP and DEP.…”