Effect of hopping rate and jump length of hopping electrons on the conductivity and dielectric properties of Co–Cd ferrite

Electric and Dielectric behavior of Ni-Co-Cd Ferrite

“…Similar results are obtained by O. M. Hemeda and M.M. Barakat in case of CoCd Ferrite [12].The decrease in resistivity may be due to distortion of lattice [13]. The distortion of lattice may be due to replacement of Ni 2+ (0.74Å) having smaller ionic radius by Cd 2+ (0.97Å) of bigger ionic radius.…”

Structural, electrical and magnetic properties of cadmium substituted nickel–copper ferrites

“…observed at 600 cm −1 ( 1 ) and 410 cm −1 ( 2 ) corresponds to vibrations of tetrahedral and octahedral complexes respectively, and according to Waldron which confirms the formation of single phase cubic spinel structure of ferrites [22,23]. From the figures it is to be noted that the shifting of band position (600 cm −1 ) 1 towards lower wavelength region is due to the increase of Cd 2+ ion in ferrite and preferably occupies the (A-site) tetrahedral site [9,10]. …”

“…The increase of saturation magnetization, magnetic moment and Y-K angles with increase of the cadmium content was attributed to the surface spin effect and cation distribution on A-site and B-site. The Cd 2+ ion strongly occupies the tetrahedral A-site [9,10], while Ni 2+ and Cu 2+ ions occupies the octahedral B-site [24] and Fe 3+ ions occupies both tetrahedral and octahedral site. The addition of cadmium a nonmagnetic divalent metal ion (Cd 2+ ion) content in ferrites reduces the amount of Ni 2+ ions and increases the amount of Fe 3+ ions in ferrites on B-site was responsible for the increase of saturation magnetization and magnetic moment, obeys Nell's two sub lattice model and it suggests the existence of canted spins giving rise to Y-K angles [39].…”

“…The magnetic properties of spinel ferrites strongly depends on the choice of cations along with Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ions and their distribution between tetrahedral (A-site) and octahedral (Bsite) sites of the spinel lattice [8]. According to the earlier reports cadmium ions occupy tetrahedral A-site and the substitution of nonmagnetic Cd 2+ ion in ferrite enhances the magnetic properties like saturation magnetization, magnetic moment [9][10][11][12]. The lattice parameter increases due to the increase of cadmium content in the ferrites because of its higher ionic radius compared to other ions in the ferrites.…”

Structure and electrical properties of Co0.5CdxFe2.5−xO4 ferrites

“…Minimum value of σ ac is observed at x = 0.0. The presence of cobalt ion on octahedral sites for the spinel predominate the following ion exchange mechanism [24]:…”