Effect of Hormone Herbicides on the Growth of Rhizobium trifolii

Fletcher, W. W.

doi:10.1038/1771244a0

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The extent to which herbicides may exert an inhibitory effect above this level depends on their toxicity in agar medium towards each of four strains tested. Although it is difficult to relate these data to a soil system, some attempts have been made to convert the concentration of herbicides in agar to the herbicide application rate in the field (Fletcher, 1956;Cardina, Hartwig & Lukezic, 1986). In accordance with Fletcher's estimation (1956), the 94 ;ig g-' concentration, which is not harmful to rhizobia, would be equivalent to about 280 kg of herbicide per ha of soil at the 25-30 cm depth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of some commercial herbicides on rhizobia and their symbiosis with peanuts

Kishinevsky¹,

Löbel²,

Lifshitz

et al. 1988

Weed Research

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Summary Four herbicides commonly used in Israel for controlling weeds in peanuts were evaluated under field and screenhouse conditions. Terbutryn (Terbutrex 50, w.p.), ethalfluralin (Sonalan 333, e.c.), dinitramine (Cobex 240, e.c.) and alachlor (Alapaz 480, e.c.), used at recommended levels, had no adverse effect on nodulation rate, nitrogenase activity, total nitrogen of peanut tops or pod yield, compared with control (inoculated but herbicide non‐treated) plants. Studies were conducted to determine the relative toxicity in vitro of the herbicides on each of four Rhizobium strains used for commercial peat inoculant production. The results showed that at up to 94 μg g−1 the herbicides has no inhibitory effect on the growth of rhizobia. The sensitivity of Rhizobium strains to different rates of the chemicals decreased in the order: dinitramine>alachlor>ethalfluralin>terbutryn. It was found that various strains differ in their sensitivity to the herbicides tested.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of some commercial herbicides on rhizobia and their symbiosis with peanuts

Kishinevsky¹,

Löbel²,

Lifshitz

et al. 1988

Weed Research

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“…However, in correlating in vitro results with those obtained in field or soil experiments, it is generally found that much higher concentrations are required in soil than in agar culture to effect the same degree of inhibition due to the biological breakdown, leaching and other physical processes removing the active chemical from the soil environment. In an attempt to relate in vitro findings to field conditions, Fletcher (1956) stated that 1 ac of topsoil to 8-9 in. depth contains 3 million Ib of moist soil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Growth in Vitro of Micro‐organisms in the Presence of Substituted Phenoxyacetic and Phenoxybutyric Acids

Shennan

Fletcher

1965

Weed Research

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Suminary. The growth has been tested in vitro of selected species of fungi, yeasts, bacteria, actinomycetes and green algae in the presence of the acetic and y-butyric acid forms of MCPA, 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T, The results show that at concentrations approximating to field rates of application, these chemicals were harmless. At much higher concentrations (above 500 ppm), however, the y-butyric acids were found to be highly toxic whereas the acetic acids has no effect on growth, Croissance in vitro de microorganismes en presence d'acides phenoxyacetiques et phenoxybutyriques substituesResume. Des especes choisies de champignons, de levures, de bact^ries, d'actinomycetes et d'algues vertes ont 6t^ cultiv^es in vitro en presence des formes d'acides ac^tique et y-butyrique du MCPA, du 2,4-D et du 2,4,5-T, I.es r^sultats montrent qu'a des concentrations voisines de celles obtenues dans les applications au champ, ces produits sont sans action nocive, Toutefois, a des concentrations beaucoup plus 61ev6es, (au-dessus de 500 ppm), les acides y-butyriques furent extremement toxiques alors que les acides ac^tiques n'avaient pas d'action sur la croissance. Die Beeinjlussung des \n-v'\\.to-Wachstums von Mikroorganismen durch substituierte Phenoxyessigsduren und PhenoxybuttersaurenZusammenfassung. Die Beeinflussung des m-Btira-Wachstums von bestimmten Pilzarten, Hefen, Bakterien, Actinomyceten und grunen Algen durch die Essigsaure-und y-Buttersaureformen von MCPA, 2,4-D und 2,4,5-T wurde untersueht, Konzentrationen, die ungefahr den praxisublichen Aufwandmengen entsprechen, schadigten die Mikroorganismen nicht, Bei viel hoheren Konzentrationen (uber 500 ppm) erwiesen sich jedoch die y-Buttersauren als sehr toxisch, wahrend die Essigsauren das Wachstum nicht beeinflussten,

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“…The experiments, which were performed under aseptic conditions, tested the effects of four herbicides, terbutryn/terbuthylazine, trietazine/simazine, prometryn and bentazone, at different concentrations (Table 1) on the growth of R. leguminosarum strain RCR 1045 in yeast mannitol broth (pH 6·8) (Vincent 1970; Somasegaran and Hoben 1994). These concentrations were derived on the basis of calculations given by Fletcher (1956) to relate them to field application rates. His calculations indicated that application of a herbicide at 1·135 kg active ingredient (a.i.)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro studies on the effects of herbicides on the growth of rhizobia

Singh

Wright

2002

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Aims:To study the possible adverse effect of herbicides on nodulation and nitrogen fixation in legumes by affecting the nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. Methods and Results: Experiments were conducted to study the effect of four herbicides (terbutryn/terbuthylazine, trietazine/simazine, prometryn and bentazone) on the growth of nitrogen-fixing pea rhizobia (Rhizobium leguminosarum) in vitro by measuring optical density. Terbutryn/terbuthylazine, trietazine/simazine and prometryn had an adverse effect on the growth of rhizobia whereas bentazone was safe to rhizobia. Conclusions: The above herbicides could be used in pea at the recommended rates. Significance and Impact of the Study: The adverse effects of herbicides on rhizobia were observed at concentrations not normally expected to occur under field conditions. Further, previously observed adverse effects of these herbicides on nodulation and nitrogen fixation of peas were, possibly, not due to their effects in rhizobia but to their adverse effects on the plant growth itself.

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Effect of Hormone Herbicides on the Growth of Rhizobium trifolii

Cited by 17 publications

References 1 publication

Effects of some commercial herbicides on rhizobia and their symbiosis with peanuts

Effects of some commercial herbicides on rhizobia and their symbiosis with peanuts

The Growth in Vitro of Micro‐organisms in the Presence of Substituted Phenoxyacetic and Phenoxybutyric Acids

In vitro studies on the effects of herbicides on the growth of rhizobia

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