Effect of host‐cocoon mass on adult size in the secondary hyperparasitoid wasp, <i>Pteromalus semotus</i> (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

Harvey, Jeffrey A.; Gumovsky, Alex; Gols, Rieta

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7917.2011.01475.x

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In aphid parasitoids, host size is often a reliable measure of parasitoid size Mackauer 1992, 1993;Mackauer et al 1996;Harvey et al 2012). Our results showed, however, that despite the bigger size of aphids on infected plants, emerged parasitoids were not bigger.…”

Section: Aphid and Parasitoid Sizecontrasting

confidence: 48%

Bottom-up regulation of a tritrophic system by Beet yellows virus infection: consequences for aphid-parasitoid foraging behaviour and development

et al. 2019

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Effects of plants on herbivores can cascade up the food web and modulate the abundance of higher trophic levels. In agroecosystems, plant viruses can affect the interactions between crops, crop pests, and natural enemies. Little is known, however, about the effects of viruses on higher trophic levels, including parasitoids and their ability for pest regulation. We tested the hypothesis that a plant virus affects parasitoid foraging behaviour through cascading effects on higher trophic levels. We predicted that the semi-persistent Beet yellows virus (BYV) would influence plant (Beta vulgaris) quality, as well as aphid host (Aphis fabae) quality for a parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum. We determined amino acid and sugar content in healthy and infected plants (first trophic level), lipid content and body size of aphids (second trophic level) fed on both plants, as well as foraging behaviour and body size of parasitoids (third trophic level) that developed on aphids fed on both plants. Our results showed that virus infection increased sugars and decreased total amino acid content in B. vulgaris. We further observed an increase in aphid size without modification in host aphid quality (i.e., lipid content), and a slight effect on parasitoid behaviour through an increased number of antennal contacts with host aphids. Although the BYV virus clearly affected the first two trophic levels, it did not affect development or emergence of parasitoids. As the parasitoid L. fabarum does not seem to be affected by the virus, we discuss the possibility of using it for the development of targeted biological control against aphids.

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Section: Aphid and Parasitoid Sizecontrasting

confidence: 48%

Bottom-up regulation of a tritrophic system by Beet yellows virus infection: consequences for aphid-parasitoid foraging behaviour and development

et al. 2019

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“…It has been reported that cocoons of C. glomerata harbor a diverse number of pupal hyperparasitoids, i.e. Gelis spp., Lysibia nana, Acrolyta nens and Pteromalus semotus (Tanaka et al 2007;Harvey 2008;Harvey et al 2009Harvey et al , 2011. The suitability of C. glomerata cocoons for the development of hyperparasitoids decreases linearly with time (Harvey 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Root and shoot jasmonic acid induction differently affects the foraging behavior of Cotesia glomerata under semi-field conditions

et al. 2011

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Plants can accumulate and release defensive chemicals by activating various signaling pathways when they are damaged by herbivores or pathogens. The jasmonic acid pathway is activated after damage by chewing herbivores. Here we used jasmonic acid (JA) as an exogenous elicitor to induce feral cabbage plants. In this study, the effects of root JA (RJA) and shoot JA (SJA) induction on the foraging behavior of Cotesia glomerata, a parasitoid of the large cabbage white butterfly Pieris brassicae, was investigated under semi-field conditions. In all combinations of differently induced plants (RJA, SJA and control plants), the percentages of shoot induced plants that were visited by at least one wasp were significantly higher than those of controls or root induced plants during 3 h of foraging. Consequently, parasitism rates of P. brassicae on shoot-JA induced plants were significantly higher than on plants induced with JA to the roots or control plants in all tests. However, this behavioral preference was not reflected in the allocation of offspring. The clutch sizes of C. glomerata eggs on control, root induced and shoot induced plants were not significantly different from each other in two-choice or three-choice experiments, but did differ with clutch size in the two-choice experiment of uninduced control plants versus SJA. This semi-field study helps to further understand the choice behavior and preferences of parasitoids in natural multitrophic communities in which plants induced with root or shoot herbivores occur together.

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Host specialisation and competition asymmetry in coleopteran parasitoids

et al. 2016

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When specialists and generalists compete for a limited resource, specialists are more constrained because they are less likely to find an alternative resource. In parasitoids with overlapping host ranges, asymmetric competition should therefore exist where specialists are more likely to win the host in a contest. Competition between parasitoids has been studied mostly in hymenopterans. In hymenopteran parasitoid wasps, females must reach the host to lay their eggs and can thus strongly influence the outcome of competition between future offspring by killing eggs or larvae of competitors. We studied competition between the free-ranging larvae of two sympatric coleopteran parasitoid rove beetles (one specialist, Aleochara bilineata and a generalist, Aleochara bipustulata) with overlapping host ranges competing in agricultural fields for pupae of the cabbage root fly. In these species, females lay their eggs in the soil, then first instars find the host where they will develop as solitary parasitoids and deal with potential competitors. Because adult longevity and fecundity favour the generalist, we postulated that first instars of the specialist would be superior larval competitors. Accordingly, we studied the outcome of encounters between first instars of the two species provided with a single host. Irrespective of its release prior to or simultaneously with its generalist competitor, the larva of the specialist most often won. Moreover, specialist larvae still won half of the encounters when generalist larvae were given a 24-h advantage. This might explain the coexistence of the two species in the field.

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Effect of host‐cocoon mass on adult size in the secondary hyperparasitoid wasp, Pteromalus semotus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Bottom-up regulation of a tritrophic system by Beet yellows virus infection: consequences for aphid-parasitoid foraging behaviour and development

Bottom-up regulation of a tritrophic system by Beet yellows virus infection: consequences for aphid-parasitoid foraging behaviour and development

Root and shoot jasmonic acid induction differently affects the foraging behavior of Cotesia glomerata under semi-field conditions

Host specialisation and competition asymmetry in coleopteran parasitoids

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