Effect of Household Diet Quality on Health Outcomes in Nigeria

Abstract

This study examines the impact of household diet quality on health outcomes in Nigeria, utilizing 2018/2019 General Household Survey data. Employing various techniques, including Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDDW), Food Group Diversity Score (FGDS), and Probit model, the research assesses diet composition and its alignment with dietary guidelines. Findings indicate prevalent consumption of grains, plantains, roots, tubers, meat, fish, poultry, other vegetables, and pulses, while dark green leafy vegetables and eggs are less consumed. The average Global Dietary Resilience (GDR) score is 10.5, reflecting halfway adherence to WHO recommendations. Urban households exhibit a slightly higher GDR score (10.66) than rural counterparts (10.50). Urban diets, rich in health-protective foods, also feature elements that contribute to Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). The study establishes that enhanced diet quality significantly reduces NCD risk in adults and lowers stunting prevalence in under-five children. It emphasizes the necessity for policies and interventions to elevate household diet quality in Nigeria. Targeted efforts are recommended to promote healthier dietary choices, particularly in urban areas with elevated NCD prevalence, through interventions and campaigns.