Effect of humic acid addition and spraying with ginger rhizome extract on the growth and some chemical contents of apricot seedlings Prunus armeniaca L . cv.

Self Cite

Cracking fruit happens when the fruit is still developing and is a physiological condition. It lowers the fruit’s quality and marketability, which in turn causes huge economic losses and a possible reduction in production of 70%. Many factors, including heredity, physiology, and the environment, affect whether or not fruit cracks. Fruits can develop surface cracks due to uneven internal growth, which is exacerbated by unfavourable environmental factors including heavy rainfall and high temperatures. When it comes to transporting and storing fruit, the peel is crucial for its resistance to cracking.

Section: Genetic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit Pome Cracking, Causes and Solutions: A review

Al-Dulaimy,

Al-Janabi,

ABD

et al. 2024

Self Cite

“…It is essential for cell division, chromosome stability, mitochondria production, cell hydrolysis, and expansion [35][36][37]. Additionally, calcium performs vital biochemical functions and supports many metabolic processes, activating numerous enzyme systems that contribute to the healthy development of plants [38], [39]. It also plays a crucial role in membrane stability and cell integrity.…”

Section: Manganese (Mg Kg -1 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Packaging Type and Calcium Spraying on Some Chemical Traits of Seedless Pomegranate Variety Rawa

Alani,

Al-Dulaimy

2024

Self Cite

A study was conducted in the district of Rawa, located 224 km away from the city of Ramadi, on pomegranate trees of the Rawa seedless variety. The study investigated the effect of fruit packaging and calcium spraying on some chemical properties of the fruits of those trees. The study included two factors: the first factor involved using different types of bags to cover the fruits, including (untreated control, double-layered muslin clothes, white paper bags, and Saran). The second factor included calcium spraying at concentrations of 0, 1, and 2 g L-1. The results indicated that fruit covering treatments significantly influenced all studied chemical properties. Saran covering contributed to achieving the best results for the fruit peel content of elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc, iron, and manganese at (2.78%, 0.42%, 74.59 mg kg-1, 181.98 mg kg-1, and 47.85 mg kg-1) respectively. On the other hand, the treatment of covering with white paper bags showed a significant effect on the fruit peel content of potassium (1.60%). Regarding calcium spraying, the high concentration (2 grams per liter) achieved the best values for all traits (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, iron, and manganese), at (2.80%, 0.45%, 1.66%, 75.43 mg kg-1, 183.42 mg kg-1, and 47.31 mg kg-1) respectively. The interaction between the study factors reached a significant level in influencing all studied traits. The treatment combination (M3C2) excelled in achieving the best values for most of the studied traits.

“…From the study of the genetic map of plants that tolerate higher levels of salinity or drought, we observe an increase in the proportion of the amino acid proline, which is formed in the leaf and then transferred to the rest of the plant (stem and roots), to accumulate starting from glutamate, which is converted to semi aldehyde and then to a proline ring [66,67]. The formation of proline prevents the breakdown of proteins inside the plant and thus prevents their hydrolysis.…”

Section: Relationship Between Proline and Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Salt Stress on Growth and Yield of Plants: A Review

Al-Janabia,

Al-Dulaimy,

Sekhi

et al. 2024

Self Cite

Soil salinity is a major abiotic stressor, severely restricting plant growth and yield. It negatively impacts every stage, from seed germination and seedling development to flowering and fruit formation, consequently lowering both quantity and quality of produce. The reasons for this may be due to the fact that salinity affects photosynthesis enzymes, chlorophyll, carotenoids, changes in water potential, leaf swelling pressure, and others. Accordingly, plants were classified into salt-sensitive (Glycophytes) and salt-tolerant (Haplophytes) this depends on its ability to grow in different salt concentrations. High concentrations of salinity in the soil contribute to reducing the osmotic stress of the soil solution and cause water stress for plants. It also causes toxicity as a result of increased concentrations of some elements, such as sodium, as it is not easily isolated within the vacuoles. Also, the reaction between salt and nutrients causes a nutritional imbalance. Adaptation to salt stress includes many processes, including an increase in ABA content, accumulation of solutes such as amino acids and sugars, protective proteins such as (PRD) disease-related proteins, increased antioxidants, and suppression of energy expenditure pathways. These solutes that accumulate under salt stress may be involved in removing ROS. Non-structural carbohydrates also accumulate, such as (sucrose, hexose, and sugar alcohols). These sugars act in a protective role as they contribute to maintaining the stability of the membrane. One of the important amino acids that increases during salt stress is proline, which plays the role of protecting the integrity of the membrane. Plasma and energy production.