Effect of Hydration and Dehydration on Hypertension in the Chronic Bilaterally Nephrectomized Dog

Houck, C. Riley

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1954.176.2.183

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…As no direct relation was found between plasma sodium concentration and the hypertension, these observations are compatible with the opinions of other workers who considered expansion of extracellular fluid volume (Leonards & Heisler, 1952;Houck, 1954;Orbison, Peters & Christian, 1956) or blood volume (Giovannetti et al 1965) important in the develop-ment process. The present work suggests that blood volume expansion may be of primary importance, since significant correlation was observed between plasma volume and blood pressure changes over the study period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…These volume estimations were not made until [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] days after nephrectomy in the former and 3-7 days in the latter study, when the major rise in blood pressure had already occurred, and the high blood pressure was more or less established. If unobserved transient volume expansion occurred in association with the dialysis technique, these observations might be explained by the findings of Houck (1954). His studies suggested a causal relationship between increases in body fluids and blood pressure, but indicated that a maintained increase in body fluids was not necessary to maintain the hypertension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Haemodynamic and other studies on the renoprival hypertensive rat

Ledingham¹,

Pelling²

1970

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The optimal conditions for the development of hypertension after total nephrectomy were defined in the rat. Under these conditions, haemodynamic changes were then studied before and for 3 days after total nephrectomy in the unanaesthetized animal and compared with mocknephrectomized controls.2. Changes in cardiac output were followed with an electromagnetic flowmeter chronically implanted on the ascending aorta, and mean arterial pressure with an indwelling aortic cannula.3. Haematocrit fell in animals developing hypertension, due to plasma volume expansion. Restriction of administered saline did not reduce the fall in haematocrit without also preventing development of the hypertension.4. Cardiac output and stroke volume increased significantly on the second and third days after nephrectomy. Peripheral resistance remained unchanged and pulse rate tended to fall.5. The increase in cardiac output appeared to be more than could be accounted for by anaemia alone, and it is suggested that plasma volume expansion was partly responsible.6. In another group of rats developing renoprival hypertension a correlation was found between changes in plasma volume and arterial pressure over the three days.7. Renoprival hypertension was accompanied by a slight but significant reduction in oxygen consumption in comparison with the controls. 8. No relationship was found between the changes in blood pressure, and plasma sodium and potassium levels.9. It is concluded that the observed rise in cardiac output associated with renoprival hypertension as induced in this study was not attributable to anaemia nor to a rise in metabolic rate. The implications of this situation are discussed in relation to a theory of the pathogenesis of hypertension and the findings of other workers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemodynamic and other studies on the renoprival hypertensive rat

Ledingham¹,

Pelling²

1970

The Journal of Physiology

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“…The demonstration of a high incidence of hypertension following bilateral nephrectomy by Braun (6,(31)(32)(33). A potentiating role towxard renoprival hypertension by overhydration with sodium and water (6,(31)(32)(33)(34)(35), by sodium without overhydration (36), and by dietary protein (7,37) (37,40) demonstrated that the hypertension of bilateral nephrectomy was neither entirely dependent on an exogenous sodium load nor on an evident expansion of the extracellular fluid volume.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal Autoexplantation and Protection Against Renoprival Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease and Hemolysis *

Muirhead¹,

Stirman²,

Jones³

1960

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Although the dogs appeared to tolerate this without dis comfort and were frisky when taken outdoors, all dogs, as noted by Grollman, ate poorly and lost weight. This may have been due to hypercalcemia [our normal range 10.3 ±0.2 (SD)] secondary to volume contraction since we were acutely aware of the complication of hypertension described in these animals [7,9], or chronic peritoneal in fection. Another possibility that illustrates a potential difference between man and the dog is that these animals may have suffered from 'dysequilibrium'.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model of Long-Term Peritoneal Dialysis in the Dog

Rubin¹,

Jones²,

Quillen³

et al. 1983

Nephron

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We describe two preparations for chronic peritoneal dialysis in the dog. In one group uremia was induced by nephrectomy and in the other by ureteral ligation. Peritoneal access was obtained using the Ash disc column catheter. Survival of the animals ranged from 27 to 83 days. Using a dialysis schedule similar in concept to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in man we found that dialysate-induced ultrafiltration, equilibration of solute between serum and dialysate, as well as protein losses into dialysate approximated values found in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Careful attention to detail is required in order to maintain these animals. The advantages of these models are their technical simplicity and prolonged survival making intermediate range studies feasible. Disadvantages include anemia, seen in the anephric animals, technical problems with the disc column catheter, the need for maintenance of strict aseptic technique when performing dialysis exchanges, and difficulties maintaining adequate nutrition.

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Effect of Hydration and Dehydration on Hypertension in the Chronic Bilaterally Nephrectomized Dog

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Haemodynamic and other studies on the renoprival hypertensive rat

Haemodynamic and other studies on the renoprival hypertensive rat

Renal Autoexplantation and Protection Against Renoprival Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease and Hemolysis *

A Model of Long-Term Peritoneal Dialysis in the Dog

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