Effect of hydration on plasma volume and endocrine responses to water immersion

Harrison, M. H.; Keil, L. C.; Wade, C. A.; Silver, Judith; Geelen, G.; Greenleaf, J. E.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1986.61.4.1410

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…16 Tilting level and duration clearly influence the degree of thoracic blood volume, atrial diameter, and central venous pressure decrease in healthy young people, 17 with commensurate increase in plasma catecholamines, renin-angiotensinaldosterone, and occasionally vasopressin. 18 Our results demonstrate that orthostasis elicits stimulus-dependent ADM increase as part of a "quick humoral response," along with epinephrine and norepinephrine. Even at 30°HUT (sin, 0.5), the effects were significant within 3 minutes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Orthostatic Stimuli Rapidly Change Plasma Adrenomedullin in Humans

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of orthostasis on the time course of plasma adrenomedullin concentration. On 5 different days, normotensive subjects were randomized to undergo for 30 minutes either 12°, 30°, 53°, or 70°passive head-up tilt or to remain supine. Venous blood was collected from each subject in the supine position before tilting, at 3 and 27 minutes during tilting, and at 2 and 50 minutes after orthostasis. Plasma adrenomedullin increased significantly with tilt of Ն30°in a stimulus-dependent manner. Approximately half of the increase seen at 27 minutes occurred during the first 2 minutes of upright positioning; the maximum effect with 70°tilt was ϩ70%. Elevations in norepinephrine, epinephrine, aldosterone, plasma renin activity, vasopressin, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure were also significant. Hematocrit, blood density, plasma density, and plasma volume loss rose (PϽ0.05) at 53°a nd 70°tilt. Our results indicate that adrenomedullin may play an important role in stabilization of hemodynamics during passive orthostasis. In conclusion, plasma adrenomedullin rapidly increases with orthostatic challenge in a stimulus-dependent manner and also swiftly returns to baseline levels after the subject resumes the supine position. Key Words: tilt, head-up Ⅲ adrenomedullin Ⅲ barorereflex Ⅲ volume, plasma Ⅲ catecholamines T he 52-amino acid peptide adrenomedullin (ADM) is a potent vasorelaxant 1 and natriuretic 2 peptide. The strong relationship between plasma ADM and vascular tone functions in water homeostasis by increasing the glomerular filtration rate and natriuresis while lessening renal vascular resistance. 2,3 Additionally, ADM might function as an endothelium-derived relaxation factor and an autocrine or paracrine factor for vascular smooth muscle. 4 Until now, no data were available on changes in plasma ADM levels induced by orthostasis, which redistributes blood from central-to lower-body vascular beds and unloads cardiopulmonary receptors 5 ; this causes constriction of resistance and capacitance vessels, 6 in part through the action of vasopressin, angiotensin, and endothelin-1. 7,8 The present investigation was designed to test the hypothesis that plasma ADM is influenced by head-up tilting (HUT) in normotensive, euhydrated humans; to study the time course of ADM during and after HUT; and to quantify effects in relation to the intensity of orthostatic challenge. As ancillary information, hemodynamic and other endocrine as well as blood volume indicators were determined. The present study shows that ADM responds quickly and in a dose-dependent manner to HUT, and its concentration rapidly declines afterward.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Orthostatic Stimuli Rapidly Change Plasma Adrenomedullin in Humans

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…16 Harrison et al reported P-RA in the state of normal hydration is lower than under dehydration, and that increases in P-RA during HUT are attenuated following rehydration. 17 Our subjects were asked to take a light lunch on the day of HUT, but breakfast was not restricted and several patients took no lunch on the day of HUT. The extent of sodium loading and hydration status consequently differed between individuals according to their eating habits despite supplementation with saline (1 ml/min) during the HUT; this could influence the results.…”

Section: Effects Of Alcohol On P-avp and P-ra At Rest And During Hutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Produces Imbalance of Adrenal and Neuronal Sympathetic Activity in Patients With Alcohol-Induced Neurocardiogenic Syncope

Takahashi

Imai

Saito

et al. 2008

Circ J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

n the emergency room, we often find patients with syncope after alcohol consumption. This is similar to neurocardiogenic syncope (NCS) with prior symptoms such as palpitation, cold sweats and difficulty in standing up.The head-up tilt test (HUT) has been used for diagnosing NCS. The HUT protocol recommended by the American College of Cardiology (ACC) expert consensus document is widely used for assessing syncope. 1 If NCS does not occur with HUT alone, the HUT is repeated after administering isoproterenol (ISP) or nitroglycerin. ISP is a -adrenergic stimulator that induces vasodilation via a mechanism mediated by 2-adrenergic receptors and intensifies cardiac contraction by means of a 1-adrenergic-receptor-mediated mechanism. Nitroglycerin also induces vasodilation as a NO donor and is known to induce reflex tachycardia due to sympathetic nerve activation. Alcohol consumption also induces vasodilation and reflex tachycardia. We therefore hypothesize that alcohol will induce NCS. 2 To determine the alcohol-induced syncope mechanism, the present study was performed with patients who had experienced syncope after drinking alcohol. Circulation Journal Vol.72, June 2008 Methods PatientsTwenty-five patients (20 men and 5 women; mean age 56.6±16.6; range 35-75 years) with unexplained syncope after alcohol consumption, who had visited our hospital between March 1999 and January 2004, were enrolled. All patients underwent physical examination and routine laboratory testing. We also arranged 12-lead ECG, 24-h ambulatory ECG monitoring, exercise stress testing, 2-dimensional echocardiogram, brain computerized tomography and electroencephalogram in order to exclude any other cause of syncope. Study ProtocolHUTs were performed before and after alcohol consumption. Our HUT test protocol is in line with the principal recommendations of the ACC expert consensus document. 1 In brief, HUT was performed using a tilt table with a foot board. We arranged continuous 3-lead ECG recording and non-invasive beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP) monitoring using radial tonometry (JENTOW). An ANS 508 system (Japan Colin Co Ltd) was used to record and analyze BP and R-R intervals of ECG during the HUT study. After 30 min of supine rest, patients were tilted upright at 80°until they gave a positive response or, failing that, for 30 min. A positive response is defined as induction of syncope or presyncope associated with a marked hypotension (systolic BP <70 mmHg). The type of tilt-induced NCS was determined using a modified version of the classification proposed by Sutton et al. 3,4 If there was no positive response during the 30-min HUT, patients were returned to the supine position and given alcohol in a quantity equal to the amount ingested Circ J 2008; 72: 979 -985 (Received September 5, 2007; revised manuscript received December 11, 2007; accepted January 9, 2008 Background The mechanism of alcohol-induced syncope is unknown. Methods and ResultsHead-up tilt tests (HUT: upright at 80°for 30 min) were performed before and after alcohol consum...

show abstract

“…Immersion has been shown to significantly increase diuresis (Claybaugh et al 1986;Deuster et al 1989;Epstein 1978;Harrison et al 1986;Rochelle and Horvath 1978). Accompanying the increased urine production is an increased loss of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) ions (natriuresis and kaliuresis) (Epstein et al 1975;Epstein 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prolonged immersion diuresis, either with or without supplemental water intake, produces significant plasma volume loss over a range of 8Z to 18% and whole body dehydration (Bmning et al 1972;Deuster et al 1989;Doubt et al 1988;Epstein 1978;Harrison et al 1986;Rochelle and Horvath 1978;Goforth, unpublished data). Dehydration (Buskirk et al 1958;Jacobs 1980), hypohydration (Caterisano et al 1988;Caldwell et al 1984), and plasma volume lois negatively affect work capacity (Coppin et al 1978;Craig and Cummings 1966;53itin 1964).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, since the kidneys depend on adequate vascular pressures and volume to filter the blood, an increased vascular volume becomes a stimulus for increased diuresis (Epstein 1978). Therefore, forced hydration with water before and during cold and thermoneutral immersion tests has proved unsuccessful in compensating for diuresis and preventing dehydration Doubt et al 1988;Epstein 1978;Harrison et al 1986;Goforth, unpublished data). Another strategy has been to infuse plasma volume expanders (e.g., albumin, dextran, or saline) (Coyle et al 1966;Epstein et al 1975;Hubbard et al 1984;Kanstrup and Ekblom 1982;Kanstrup and Ekblom 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effectiveness of Glycerol Ingestion for Enhanced Body Water Retention during Cold Water Immersion

Goforth¹,

Arnall²

1989

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThe efficacy of ingesting an aqueous glycerol (GLY) solution to reduce diuresis and enhance body water retention during prolonged cold water dives was evaluated. Nine Navy divers 131 ± 5 years, height 175.0 ± 4.5 centimeters (cm), weight 78.9 ± 9.5 kilograms (kg), and 16 ± 2 percent (%) body fat] performed three-hour dives at 5 feet fresh water (FFW) maintained at 13*C.Divers wore thermal undergarments and dry suits and used a closed-circuit (MK-15) rebreathing unit. Six subjects were assigned to either a water treatment (VT) or glycerol treatment (GT) group. Three other divers performed a repeated measures design with dives separated by a day of nondiving. Statistical analyses of data from repeated and nonrepeated subjects consistently revealed no significant differences between and within these groups of subjects. Data were thus pooled into two treatment groups (VT . 6) and (GT -6).During the predive period, Serum glucose (sCLU) and serum lactate (sLAC) did not differ between treatments or times, but sLAC was significantly lover (P < 0.02) for both treatments at PD than at PH. Serum free fatty acids (sFFA) at PD for both treatments were significantly higher (P < 0.2) than at PRH and PH. Serum glycerol (sGLY) values for GT were 200 times above PRH at PH and 100 times ahn,'e PRH at PD. The amount of urinary glycerol (uGLY) rolected during the hyperhydration period (PRH to PH) and the thr'ýc-hotr dive periods accounted for 2 4.1Z and 10.3Z, respectively, of the total GLY ingested.Urine electrolyte values did not differ between treatments, except GT lost significantly (P < 0.02) more sodium (Na) [53.7 + 9.9 versus 21.6 + 6.2 milliequivalent per liter (meq/1)] during the PH period. Hyperhydratien with GLY (1.2 ml/kg LBM) mixed in 2 liters of water and consumed over 30 minutes appears ineffective in significantly reducing body water loss in divers under the stress of prolonged cold water immersion. It may be that altering the timing and/or concentration of the GLY doses will produce a significant effect under these test conditions.

show abstract

Effect of hydration on plasma volume and endocrine responses to water immersion

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Orthostatic Stimuli Rapidly Change Plasma Adrenomedullin in Humans

Orthostatic Stimuli Rapidly Change Plasma Adrenomedullin in Humans

Alcohol Produces Imbalance of Adrenal and Neuronal Sympathetic Activity in Patients With Alcohol-Induced Neurocardiogenic Syncope

Effectiveness of Glycerol Ingestion for Enhanced Body Water Retention during Cold Water Immersion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About