Effect of hydraulic loading on bioremediation of municipal wastewater using constructed wetland planted with vetiver grass, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Angassa, Kenatu; Leta, Seyoum; Mulat, Worku; Kloos, Helmut; Meers, Erik

doi:10.1007/s41204-018-0053-z

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In higher HLRs, increased water velocity reduced the contact time between wastewater and microorganisms, resulting in lower treatment efficiency. Similar results were demonstrated in many conventional CWs [27][28][29]. However, Taniguchiet al [26] stated that higher HLRs resulted in higher nitrogen removal rate.…”

Section: Effects Of Hydraulic Loading Ratesupporting

confidence: 71%

A mini-review on shallow-bed constructed wetlands: a promising innovative green roof

Bui

Lin

et al. 2019

Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health

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Section: Effects Of Hydraulic Loading Ratesupporting

confidence: 71%

A mini-review on shallow-bed constructed wetlands: a promising innovative green roof

Bui

Lin

et al. 2019

Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health

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“…This has made life difficult for the rural people in such regions 25,26 . Accessible water is traced with high amounts of TS, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), as well as synthetic surfactants as they are used in high amount in developing countries such as Ethiopia 27,28 . It is worth to mention that Ethiopia is a low income country as per the world economic forum; the World Bank classified Ethiopia as one of the poorest countries, with a yearly per capita income of $783 29,30 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laundry wastewater treatment using a combination of sand filter, bio-char and teff straw media

Yaseen‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬

Zigale

Tiyasha

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Numerous researchers have expressed concern over the emerging water scarcity issues around the globe. Economic water scarcity is severe in the developing countries; thus, the use of inexpensive wastewater treatment strategies can help minimize this issue. An abundant amount of laundry wastewater (LWW) is generated daily and various wastewater treatment researches have been performed to achieve suitable techniques. This study addressed this issue by considering the economic perspective of the treatment technique through the selection of easily available materials. The proposed technique is a combination of locally available absorbent materials such as sand, biochar, and teff straw in a media. Biochar was prepared from eucalyptus wood, teff straw was derived from teff stem, and sand was obtained from indigenous crushed stones. In this study, the range of laundry wastewater flow rate was calculated as 6.23–17.58 m3/day; also studied were the efficiency of the media in terms of the removal percentage of contamination and the flux rate. The performances of biochar and teff straw were assessed based on the operation parameters and the percentage removal efficiency at different flux rates; the assessment showed 0.4 L/min flux rate to exhibit the maximum removal efficiency. Chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, and total alkalinity removal rate varied from 79% to ≥83%; total solids and total suspended solids showed 92% to ≥99% removal efficiency, while dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, pH, and electrical conductivity showed 22% to ≥62% removal efficiency. The optimum range of pH was evaluated between 5.8–7.1. The statistical analysis for finding the correlated matrix of laundry wastewater parameters showed the following correlations: COD (r = −0.84), TS (r = −0.83), and BOD (r = −0.81), while DO exhibited highest negative correlation. This study demonstrated the prospective of LWW treatment using inexpensive materials. The proposed treatment process involved low-cost materials and exhibited efficiency in the removal of contaminants; its operation is simple and can be reproduced in different scenarios.

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“…But, the highest of 83.99% TN removal was achieved at ≥ 4 days HRT. Another study by Angassa et al (2019) have also reported higher removal efficiency of TN at 6 days HRT with corresponding MLR ranged from 1.9 to 2.5 gm −2 day −1 as compared to the 3 days HRT in treating municipal wastewater using HSS-FCW planted with Vetiveria zizanioides. This indicates that HRT has a key role in the effective nutrient removal process in a CW.…”

Section: Pollutant Removal Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 88%

“…But, the maximum of 92.91% TSS and 89.28% COD removal efficiencies were achieved at 4 days HRT with corresponding MLR of 0.18 and 8.62 gm −2 day −1 . Angassa et al (2019) have also investigated the effect of HRT and MLR on the performance efficiency of a gravel-based pilot-scale HSSFCW in treating municipal wastewater using Vetiveria zizanioides, and the results indicated that an increased treatment efficiency from 90.8 to 95% COD was observed as MLR is decreased from 22.5-25.8 gm −2 day −1 to 11-12.7 gm −2 day −1 , respectively, at 3 and 6 days HRT.…”

Section: Pollutant Removal Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of two-stage horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland planted with Cyperus alternifolius and Typha latifolia in treating anaerobic reactor brewery effluent at different hydraulic residence times

Alayu

Leta

2020

Environ Syst Res

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Background Agro-industrial wastewaters in Ethiopia cause severe environmental pollution problems. Research evidence showed that anaerobic reactors are good options for the treatment of these wastewaters. But, their final effluent does not meet the discharge standards. Conversely, a series stage horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSFCW) system is encouraging for the polishing of anaerobic reactor effluents. However, its treatment efficiency is dependent on hydraulic residence time (HRT). Cyperus alternifolius and Typha latifolia-based wastewater treatment showed good removal efficiencies individually. However, data on their combined treatment effectiveness is negligible. Therefore, this study assesses HRT influences on the treatment effectiveness of a two-stage HSSFCW system planted with these two macrophytes for the polishing of anaerobic reactor brewery effluent. A series connected two-stage HSSFCW unit planted with Cyperus alternifolius and Typha latifolia was built to treat Kombolcha brewery anaerobic reactor effluent. Then, the macrophytes were endorsed to grow with continuous application of diluted brewery effluent from a reservoir tank using gravity force. After dense stand formation, the experiment was initiated to determine the influence of HRTs on the removal efficiency of a complete wetland system. The system was operated sequentially by supplying fixed influent inflow rates of 2791, 1395, 930, 698, and 558 L day−1, respectively, for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days HRT. Both the influent and effluent of the two-stage HSSFCW system were analyzed following common procedures for main brewery pollutants. Result Results showed that as HRT increased from 1 to 5 days, the effluent pH and temperature were decreased along with enhanced pollutant removals ranging from 47.8–87.2%, 29.2–90.1%, 32.9–77.7%, 16.8–75.4%, and 18.4–76.8% with decreased influent mass loading rates ranging from 26.4–2.1, 64.5–7.3, 11.5–0.8, 5–0.6, and 3.8–0.4 gm−2 day−1, respectively, for total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorous and orthophosphate. However, better and steadier pollutant removals were achieved at higher HRTs. Conclusion For better nutrient removals, the 4 and 5 days HRT can serve as a good benchmark.

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Effect of hydraulic loading on bioremediation of municipal wastewater using constructed wetland planted with vetiver grass, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Cited by 20 publications

References 30 publications

A mini-review on shallow-bed constructed wetlands: a promising innovative green roof

A mini-review on shallow-bed constructed wetlands: a promising innovative green roof

Laundry wastewater treatment using a combination of sand filter, bio-char and teff straw media

Effectiveness of two-stage horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland planted with Cyperus alternifolius and Typha latifolia in treating anaerobic reactor brewery effluent at different hydraulic residence times

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