Effect of hydraulic retention time on micropollutant biodegradation in activated sludge system augmented with acclimatized sludge treating low-micropollutants wastewater

Boonnorat, Jarungwit; Kanyatrakul, Alongkorn; Prakhongsak, Apichai; Honda, Ryo; Panichnumsin, Pornpan; Boonapatcharoen, Nimaradee

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.039

Cited by 54 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…However, other studies in activated sludge and anaerobic reactors did not observe an increase in diclofenac removal percentage at higher HRT (at 19-61 hours and 5-11 days, respectively) (Oosterhuis et al, 2013;Queiroz et al, 2012). A recent study in bioaugmented activated sludge showed an increase in diclofenac and carbamazepine removal percentage from 12 to 18 hours, but removal was no longer improved at 24 hours (Boonnorat et al, 2019). These results suggest that increasing the HRT of wastewater bioreactors might increase the removal efficiency of specific pharmaceuticals, but only up to a specific point.…”

Section: Pharmaceutical Removal At Different Hydraulic Retention Timesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…fluoxetine) (Fernandez-Fontaina et al, 2012). However, recent experiments and models suggested that pharmaceutical and other OMP removal might not improve beyond a specific 5 HRT (Boonnorat et al, 2019;Gonzalez-Gil et al, 2018;Jiang et al, 2018). Furthermore, Gonzalez-Gil et al hypothesized that this might be due to an equilibrium in the transformation or sorption processes (Gonzalez-Gil et al, 2019;Gonzalez-Gil et al, 2018) In order to get more insights about the (in)complete degradation of some pharmaceuticals in WWTPs, we have studied the effect of concentration and HRT on pharmaceutical removal in a membrane bioreactor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of concentration and hydraulic reaction time on the removal of pharmaceutical compounds in a membrane bioreactor inoculated with activated sludge

Rios‐Miguel

Jetten

Welte

2021

Preprint

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Pharmaceuticals are often not fully removed in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and are thus being detected at trace levels in water bodies all over the world posing a risk to numerous organisms. These organic micropollutants (OMPs) reach WWTPs at concentrations sometimes too low to serve as growth substrate for microorganisms, thus co-metabolism is thought to be the main conversion mechanism. In this study, the microbial removal of six pharmaceuticals was investigated in a membrane bioreactor at increasing concentrations (4-800 nM) of the compounds and using three different hydraulic retention times (HRT; 1, 3.5, 5 days). The bioreactor was inoculated with activated sludge from a Dutch WWTP and fed with ammonium, acetate, and methanol as main growth substrates to stimulate and mimic co-metabolism in a WWTP. Each pharmaceutical compound had a different average removal efficiency: acetaminophen (100%) > fluoxetine (50%) > metoprolol (25%) > diclofenac (20%) > metformin (15%) > carbamazepine (10%). Higher pharmaceutical influent concentrations proportionally increased the removal rate of each compound, but surprisingly not the removal percentage. Furthermore, only metformin removal improved to 80-100% when HRT or biomass concentration was increased in the reactor. Microbial community changes were followed with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in response to the increment of supplied pharmaceutical concentration: it was found that Nitrospirae and Planctomycetes 16S rRNA relative gene abundance decreased, whereas Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes increased. Remarkably, the Dokdonella genus, previously implicated in acetaminophen metabolism, showed a 30-fold increase in abundance at the highest (800 nM) concentration of pharmaceuticals applied. Taken together, these results suggest that the incomplete removal of most pharmaceutical compounds in WWTPs is neither dependent on concentration nor HRT. Accordingly, we propose a chemical equilibrium or a growth substrate limitation as the responsible mechanisms of the incomplete removal. Finally, Dokdonella could be the main acetaminophen degrader under activated sludge conditions, and non-antimicrobial pharmaceuticals might still be toxic to relevant WWTP bacteria.

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Section: Pharmaceutical Removal At Different Hydraulic Retention Timesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of concentration and hydraulic reaction time on the removal of pharmaceutical compounds in a membrane bioreactor inoculated with activated sludge

Rios‐Miguel

Jetten

Welte

2021

Preprint

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“…4 Residual rates of aromatic amines over time in kinetic test conditions. Boonnorat et al (2019) also found that HRT plays a crucial part in micropollutant biodegradation of bio-augmented active sludge system, too short, an HRT (12 h) results in low micropollutant removal efficiency, and too long, an HRT (24 h) contributes to low daily throughput and high treatment operation cost. As a result, and moderate HRT (18 h) is operationally and economically optimal for bioaugmented-activated sludge system treating low-micropollutants wastewater.…”

Section: Influence Of Hrt On the Removal Of Aromatic Aminesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Integrated fate assessment of aromatic amines in aerobic sewage treatment plants

Zhou

Rong

et al. 2020

Environ Monit Assess

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The fate and exposure of chemicals in sewage treatment plants (STPs) are major considerations in risk assessment and environmental regulation. The biodegradability and removal of seven aromatic amines were systematically evaluated using a three-tiered integrated method: a standard ready biodegradability test, an aerobic sewage treatment simulation method, and model prediction. In tier 1, the seven aromatic amines were not readily biodegraded after 28 days. In adapted aerobic active sludge, 4-isopropyl aniline, 2,4-diaminotoluene, and 4nitroaniline among them exhibited the degradation halflife time less than 20 h, the other four aromatic amines exhibited persistent with degradation half-life of > 60 h. In tier 2 of the aerobic sewage treatment simulation testing, 2,4-diaminotoluene, 4-nitroaniline, and 4-isopropylaniline demonstrated moderately to high overall removal. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) affects the removal with the optimum HRT was determined to be 12 h to 24. 2,6-Dimethyl aniline, 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline, 2,6diethylaniline, and 3,4-dichloroaniline were not removed during the test, indicting these four aromatic amines will enter surface water and hence pose a potential risk to aquatic ecology. Considering the lack of an STP model in China for regulation purposes, in tier 3, we developed a Chinese STP (aerobic) (abbreviated as C-STP(O)) model that reflects a universal scenario for China to predict the fate. The predicted degradation, volatilization, and absorption showed a close relationship to the physicochemical properties of the chemicals, and had same tendency with tier 2 simulation test. The prediction showed that biodegradation rather than absorption or volatilization was the main removal process of aromatic amines in aerobic STP. With the combination of modified kinetics test with C-STP (O) model, the chemical fate can be more accurately predicted than using only the readily biodegradation result.

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“…The SND process revealed that the control of DO concentration was a critical index to determine nitrogen removal, excluded the dynamic influent condition, while the total nitrogen removal was optimized to almost 92% operated by the duration of predenitrification-high DO nitrification-low-DO SND without any control strategies. Boonnorat et al (2019) investigated the effect of different hydraulic retention time (HRT) on activated sludge system treating a mixture of agriculture wastewater and landfill leachate, aiming to analyze the biodegradation on micropollutant. The results showed that the removal of di-butyl-phthalate, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, bisphenol A, di-(ethylhexyl)-phthalate, and di-(ethylhexyl)-phthalate achieved 87%-93%, diclofenac and carbamazepine achieved 75%-81%, and N,Ndiethyl-meta-toluamide achieved 88% under the most appropriate HRT of 18 hr.…”

Section: Process Design and Modification For Granular Sludgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Boonnorat et al (2019) investigated the effect of different hydraulic retention time (HRT) on activated sludge system treating a mixture of agriculture wastewater and landfill leachate, aiming to analyze the biodegradation on micropollutant. The results showed that the removal of di‐butyl‐phthalate, 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenol, bisphenol A, di‐(ethylhexyl)‐phthalate, and di‐(ethylhexyl)‐phthalate achieved 87%–93%, diclofenac and carbamazepine achieved 75%–81%, and N,N‐diethyl‐meta‐toluamide achieved 88% under the most appropriate HRT of 18 hr.…”

Section: Design Operation and Control For Activated Sludgementioning

confidence: 99%

Activated sludge and other aerobic suspended culture processes

Ouyang

et al. 2020

Water Environment Research

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This paper provides an overview of activated sludge related to suspended growth processes for the year 2019. The review encompasses process modeling of activated sludge, microbiology of activated sludge, process kinetics and mechanism, nitrogen and phosphorus control, design, and operation in the activated sludge field. The fate and effect of xenobiotics in activated sludge, including trace organic contaminant and heavy metal xenobiotics, which had influence on the growth of suspended sludge, are covered in this review. Compared to past reviews, many topics show increase in activity in 2019. These include, biokinetics process of aerobic granular sludge formation, pyrolysis kinetic mechanism of granular sludge. These topics are referred to formation and disintegration of granular sludge. Other sections include activated sludge settling model, toxicity resistant microbial community, nitritation-anammox processes for nitrogen removal, and respirometry used in the operation of real wastewater treatment plant are especially highlighted in this review.

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Effect of hydraulic retention time on micropollutant biodegradation in activated sludge system augmented with acclimatized sludge treating low-micropollutants wastewater

Cited by 54 publications

References 45 publications

Effect of concentration and hydraulic reaction time on the removal of pharmaceutical compounds in a membrane bioreactor inoculated with activated sludge

Effect of concentration and hydraulic reaction time on the removal of pharmaceutical compounds in a membrane bioreactor inoculated with activated sludge

Integrated fate assessment of aromatic amines in aerobic sewage treatment plants

Activated sludge and other aerobic suspended culture processes

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