Effect of hydrocephalus on rat brain extracellular compartment

Bigio, Marc R. Del; Enno, Terry L.

doi:10.1186/1743-8454-5-12

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Cerebral mantle consolidation occurs as intercellular fluid is displaced. 9 We are left to postulate that other mechanical factors play a role in the compensation that allows partial decline in the brain pressure and pulsatility. Among these are increases in aquaporins that allow rapid shifts in brain water, 42 and changes in the vascular compartment including autoregulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In hydrocephalus, there is evidence for altered extracellular fluid flow and composition, as well as for reduced water content in superficial cortex. [7][8][9] CSF is an incompressible fluid that can be moved out of the intracranial compartment 10 and is in continuity with brain extra-intracellular fluids. 11 Conceptual and mathematical models suggest that brain behaves as a compressible, nonlinear viscoelastic, anisotropic, fluid-saturated porous material.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Intracranial Biomechanics of Acute Experimental Hydrocephalus in Live Rats

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms of hydrocephalus formation remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To measure intracranial biomechanical changes in rats with hydrocephalus. METHODS: Stress-strain relationships were determined by using force-controlled indentation through a craniotomy. Cortical blood flow and intracerebral pressures were monitored. In normal rats, deformability of intracranial contents was examined by applying 100 (20-100 mN) indentation cycles and during a 2-hour stress (100 mN) holding test. Hydrocephalus was induced in 56-day rats by cisternal kaolin injection. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure ventricle size and cortical blood flow. RESULTS: Application of a constant small force for 2 hours or 100 cycles of a small indentation caused progressive intracranial deformation. Following kaolin injection, the ventricles of 3-to 4-day, 7-to 9-day, and 12-to 15-day hydrocephalic rats progressively enlarged, the dorsal cerebrum thickness decreased by .40%, and cortical blood flow decreased by 20%. After 3 to 4 days, intracranial pressure and intraparenchymal pulse pressure increased significantly by 85%, and diminished thereafter. After 7 to 9 days, there was a transient significant increase of the intracranial stiffness (indentation modulus). Viscoelastic strain during application of a constant force significantly increased by .50% at 7 to 9 and 12 to 15 days. CONCLUSION: The observation that very small forces applied exogenously or endogenously (through pulsatile brain micromotions) cause progressive intracranial deformation suggests that the brain behaves in a poroviscoelastic manner. Intracranial pulsatility is increased during the early phases of ventriculomegaly. Small viscoelastic property changes of the intracranial contents accompany the ventriculomegaly. Consolidation of brain tissue by the pulsatile forces likely occurs through displacement of intraparenchymal fluids.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracranial Biomechanics of Acute Experimental Hydrocephalus in Live Rats

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the normal cerebrum, this flow occurs at 0.1-0.3 µl/min/g of brain tissue [225], but is thought to be impeded in hydrocephalus. In rodent models of hydrocephalus, the extracellular compartment volume in grey matter is reduced [226-227], extracellular fluid movement is diminished [228-229], and CSF composition changes as metabolic byproducts and other neuromodulators accumulate [198]. In humans, elevated biomarkers that result from increased CSF protein and waste concentrations are being investigated in the non-invasive diagnosis of chronic hydrocephalus [230].…”

Section: Cerebrovasculaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Brain Hemorrhage (NBH) of Prematurity: Translational Mechanisms of the Vascular-Neural Network

Lekic¹,

Klebe²,

Poblete³

et al. 2015

CMC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neonatal brain hemorrhage (NBH) of prematurity is an unfortunate consequence of preterm birth. Complications result in shunt dependence and long-term structural changes such as post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus, periventricular leukomalacia, gliosis, and neurological dysfunction. Several animal models are available to study this condition, and many basic mechanisms, etiological factors, and outcome consequences, are becoming understood. NBH is an important clinical condition, of which treatment may potentially circumvent shunt complication, and improve functional recovery (cerebral palsy, and cognitive impairments). This review highlights key pathophysiological findings of the neonatal vascular-neural network in the context of molecular mechanisms targeting the post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus affecting this vulnerable infant population.

show abstract

“…Intensity measurements were taken using National Institutes of Health (NIH) ImageJ software version 1.44p. 27 As previously described by other groups, 28,29 we also analyzed the surface area occupied by the staining in the same regions and fields used in the analysis of intensity. Briefly, we estimated the surface area occupied by stained microstructures per lm 2 of the tissue.…”

Section: Microscopy and Quantitative Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Effect of Caffeine Consumption on Diverse Brain Areas of Pregnant Rats

Ballesteros-Yáñez

Castillo

Amo-Salas

et al. 2012

Journal of Caffeine Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: It has previously been shown that during gestation, the mother's brain has an increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactivity (-ir) and a decrease in the mRNA level of A1 adenosine receptor. Little is known about the A2A adenosine receptor in the maternal brain, and whether caffeine consumption throughout gestational period modifies GFAP and adenosine receptor density in specific brain areas. This study was undertaken to investigate the protein density of GFAP and adenosine receptors (A1 and A2A subtypes) in different regions of pregnant rat brain and the possible effect of caffeine on these proteins. Methods: For this purpose, we examined the GFAP-, A1-and A2A-ir in the cingulate cortex (Cg2), dentate gyrus (DG), medial preoptic area (mPOA), secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), and striatum (Str) of pregnant Wistar rats (drug-free tap water or water with 1g/L diluted caffeine). Results: We show a consistent and highly significant reduction of GFAP-ir in caffeine-treated pregnant rats in most of the areas analyzed. Our data demonstrate that caffeine consumption induces a significant increase of A2A-ir in Str. Concerning A1 receptor, the observed changes are dependent on the region analyzed; this receptor density is increased in Cg2, DG, and mPOA and decreased in the somatosensory cortex and Str. The results were confirmed by Western blotting. Conclusions: Our results suggest that chronic caffeine exposure could modify the physiolological situation of gestation by a reorganization of the neural circuits and the adenosine neuromodulator system.

show abstract

Effect of hydrocephalus on rat brain extracellular compartment

Cited by 27 publications

References 50 publications

Intracranial Biomechanics of Acute Experimental Hydrocephalus in Live Rats

Intracranial Biomechanics of Acute Experimental Hydrocephalus in Live Rats

Neonatal Brain Hemorrhage (NBH) of Prematurity: Translational Mechanisms of the Vascular-Neural Network

Differential Effect of Caffeine Consumption on Diverse Brain Areas of Pregnant Rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About