Effect of Hydrogen as an Additive on Lean Limit and Emissions of a Turbo Gasoline Direct Injection Engine

Kim, Joonsuk; Chun, Kwang Min; Baek, Hong; Lee, Seung Woo

doi:10.4271/2015-01-1886

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For natural gas engines, adding hydrogen could significantly reduce CO and HC emissions, as well as enhance thermal efficiency at specific operating conditions [6,7]. Moreover, under lean combustion conditions, adding hydrogen can effectively increase the lean combustion limitation of the engine, thus reducing NO X emissions and achieving higher thermal efficiency owing to a higher excess air ratio [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, several other popular hydrogen production technologies, such as steam methane reforming (SMR) and water-gas shift (WGS), have also been proven to reduce NO X emissions and to improve thermal efficiency for the engine on-board fuel reforming [13][14][15]. However, it is quite difficult to achieve high hydrogen production rates with these technologies [9]. Furthermore, using these technologies would be more likely to cause the deterioration of HC emissions and durability for natural gas engines [12,[15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Study on the Effects of Partial Oxidation Fuel Reforming (POFR) on the Performance of a Natural Gas Engine

Wang,

Zhou,

Guan

et al. 2023

Energies

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Due to the issues of low flame speed and high CH4 emissions for a natural gas engine, investigations into the partial oxidation fuel reforming (POFR) method used in natural gas engines to blend H2 have become increasingly valuable. In this paper, the combustion process, engine performance, and emissions of a natural gas engine with fuel-reforming gases blended together have been numerically studied. The results show that a higher fuel-reforming ratio can effectively improve the engine combustion performance, especially at lean-burn conditions. Combustion with reformed gases can increase the thermal efficiency by almost 2% at the full-load condition, whereas fuel reforming significantly affects the natural gas engine’s power performance. Furthermore, CH4 and NOX emissions decrease significantly with increasing fuel-reforming ratio. In conclusion, fuel reforming for a natural gas engine has a promising future in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving economic performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Study on the Effects of Partial Oxidation Fuel Reforming (POFR) on the Performance of a Natural Gas Engine

Wang,

Zhou,

Guan

et al. 2023

Energies

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“…19,20 For natural gas engines under stoichiometric conditions, hydrogen doping (H 2 ) causes higher in-cylinder combustion temperatures and more NO x formation. The higher in-cylinder temperature will lead to an increase in exhaust energy losses and a decrease in engine thermal efficiency 21,22 On the other hand, hydrogen doping can effectively extend the lean limit of natural gas engines, 23 which means by enhancing the in-cylinder excess air ratio of a hydrogen doping engine, the engine thermal efficiency can be promoted, 24 meanwhile, the NO x formation and emission can be reduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of excess air ratio and spark timing on performance and gaseous pollutant emissions of fuel reforming natural gas engine

Zheng

Zhou

Zheng

et al. 2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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The combustion and emission characteristics as well as the economic performance of partial oxidation fuel reforming (POFR) natural gas engines were investigated by adjusting the fuel reforming ratios and the engine load. The performance of the POFR engine with a 12% fuel reforming ratio was compared with that of the original engine. The results showed that the fuel-partial-reforming was effective in reducing the cycle-to-cycle variations over the whole range of the operating conditions. The THC and NOX emissions decreased at almost all operating conditions, but showed different decreasing trends at different loads and equivalence ratios, while the CO emissions increased at all operating conditions. It was found that reducing the advancement of ignition timing of the POFR-engine can further reduce the gaseous pollutant emissions without reducing the economic performance of the engine. In conclusion, blending reforming gas improved the overall performance of the natural gas engine at low to medium load conditions.

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“…Those properties contribute to extend the dilution limits and to improve the combustion stability. The use of hydrogen as a combustion "booster" has already been reported in the literature for both compression ignition and Spark-Ignition (SI) engines [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Usually, a few percent of hydrogen in volume is added to the intake air to improve the combustion characteristics in terms of combustion timing and speed, combustion stability, and pollutant emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown with this short literature review, the use of hydrogen in internal combustion engines is not new and many references reporting the positive impacts of hydrogen on combustion can be found. In the case of SI engines, these references address stoichiometric combustion, lean burn [13][14] or other approaches requiring high dilution rates. This is the case for example for the D-EGR concept developed by Southwest Research Institute [15], or also for Ohtomo et al [16] using hydrogen to support the flame propagation process and study the auto-ignition intensity in highly diluted mixtures with air or with EGR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen as a Combustion Enhancer for Highly Efficient Ultra-Lean Spark-Ignition Engines

Zaccardi¹,

Pilla²

2019

SAE Int. J. Adv. & Curr. Prac. in Mobility

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Performance of lean burn gasoline spark-ignition engines can be enhanced through hydrogen supplementation. Thanks to its physicochemical properties, hydrogen supports the flame propagation and extends the dilution limits with improved combustion stability. These interesting features usually result in decreased emissions and improved efficiencies which is of the utmost importance for future SI engines targeting ultra-lean conditions at λ ≥ 2 and brake thermal efficiencies above 50%. Compared to previous studies of hydrogen supplementation, this article aims at demonstrating how hydrogen can support the combustion process with a modern combustion system optimized for extreme dilution rates and high efficiency. Experimental investigations performed with a single cylinder engine are reported and show that the minimal amount of hydrogen required to reach λ = 2 is in the range of 2 to 4% of the total intake volume flow rate. At low load, NOx emissions can be lowered down to 33 ppm at λ = 2 and results also show that a 10-fold decrease in NOx emissions is possible when the dilution rate increases from the lean limit without hydrogen up to λ = 2. In those ultra-lean conditions, particle emissions are also significantly lowered. Unburned energy is around 5% in low load conditions at λ = 2 but the engine-out unburned hydrocarbon concentration is maintained at an acceptable level. At high load, combustion timings can be improved thanks to the increase in the maximal dilution rate and to the better auto-ignition resistance of hydrogen. Consequently, the indicated efficiency is increased by more than 6% abs. compared to the reference stoichiometric conditions. Finally, a maximal indicated efficiency of 47.0% is obtained at λ = 2 with 3% of hydrogen at 3000 rpm-13 bar IMEP. For this operating point, similar performance are obtained with a dual air/EGR dilution.

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Effect of Hydrogen as an Additive on Lean Limit and Emissions of a Turbo Gasoline Direct Injection Engine

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Numerical Study on the Effects of Partial Oxidation Fuel Reforming (POFR) on the Performance of a Natural Gas Engine

Numerical Study on the Effects of Partial Oxidation Fuel Reforming (POFR) on the Performance of a Natural Gas Engine

Effects of excess air ratio and spark timing on performance and gaseous pollutant emissions of fuel reforming natural gas engine

Hydrogen as a Combustion Enhancer for Highly Efficient Ultra-Lean Spark-Ignition Engines

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