Effect of hydrogen isotope on plasma impedance and thermal pinching induced by single aerosol droplets injected into an inductively coupled plasma

Fundamental studies on droplet throughput and the analysis of single cells using a downward-pointing ICP-time-of-flight mass spectrometer

“…As reported in earlier studies, the presence of small amounts of water in an analytical ICP enhanced the thermal conductivity, and thus, the energy transfer processes. 72,73 As noted by Chan and Hieje, 15,16 a single microdroplet leads to a perturbation in the ICP. In their studies, they were able to observe plasma shrinkage due to a thermal pinch as well as local cooling and reheating of the plasma as consequences of a vaporization of the droplet.…”

“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Sampling systems comprised of microuidic systems, 11 for example microdroplet generators can be considered as an alternative sample introduction system for ICP-MS. The idea was rst proposed in 1968 by Hieje and Malmstadt, 12,13 developed further by French, 14 and successfully applied to ICP spectrometry studies by Hieje, [15][16][17][18][19][20] Olesik, [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Farnsworth and Lazar, [28][29][30] Houk, 31 Niemax, [32][33][34] Günther [35][36][37][38][39] and Engelhard. 40 These studies revealed fundamental insights about processes such as droplet desolvation, particle vaporization as well as diffusion, matrix, and space-charge effects.…”

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in atomic spectrometry and related techniques

“…There has been considerable research into spICP-MS over the last few years, with some useful insights into particle atomisation and ionisation processes in the plasma. Chan and Hieftje 90 further contributed to this with a study of the effect of hydrogen isotopes on plasma impedance and thermal pinching induced by single aerosol droplets. Microdroplets (50 μm diameter) were introduced vertically into an Ar ICP and two-dimensional images recorded using monochromatic imaging spectrometer at selected wavelengths.…”

“…Ito et al 191 devised a method to measure radioactive 90 Sr using total evaporation TIMS. It utilised the differential ionisation properties of Sr and isobaric Zr to effectively eliminate 90 Zr from the measurement, despite a potentially 108 times greater signal. Using ID it was possible to measure the quantity of 90 Sr down to 0.029 fg.…”

“…It utilised the differential ionisation properties of Sr and isobaric Zr to effectively eliminate 90 Zr from the measurement, despite a potentially 108 times greater signal. Using ID it was possible to measure the quantity of 90 Sr down to 0.029 fg. High-precision analysis of Sm isotopes in nuclear materials was the subject of a study by Louis-Jean et al 192 who used a TIMS instrument with Pt activator on a Re lament and a total evaporation analysis.…”