Effect of hydrogen on metals. [Causes, mechanisms, and prevention; 59 refs]

Louthan, McIntyre R.

doi:10.2172/5066076

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The most common characteristic of the determined properties of a soil mass, adopted for analysis, is the grain-size distribution [8]. On the other hand, complementary characteristics are random properties such as moisture or specific density [9]. They primarily determine the shaping of the actual friction surface, which affects the size of the force interaction surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wear Processes of Abrasion-Resistant Materials in Soil Environments of Varying pH

Lemecha¹,

Napiórkowski²,

Ligier³

2023

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

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The paper evaluates the effect of the value of the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in solution, denoted as pH, on the wear of materials used for elements working in the soil mass. Three types of materials with different chemical composition and manufacturing technology were analyzed. The study was carried out under laboratory conditions using the "spinning bowl" method. Low-alloy martensitic steel, boron-containing wearresistant steel, and Fe-Cr-Mn-containing surfacing applied to martensitic steel were tested. Soil pH was found to have a significant effect on the wear pattern of the materials tested. The greatest wear was found in acidic soils with a pH lower than 5, and it was 30-40% greater, depending on the type of material, with respect to soil with a pH above 6.8. The greatest destructive effect was found for low-alloy martensitic steel containing "promoters" of hydrogen penetration. The ways in which the surface is used depending on the pH of the treated soil are described. Hydrogen wear is revealed by decohesion due to weakening of the structural bond of the material. The stages of the process of destructive hydrogen action are defined.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wear Processes of Abrasion-Resistant Materials in Soil Environments of Varying pH

Lemecha¹,

Napiórkowski²,

Ligier³

2023

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

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“…8,11,[16][17][18][19][20][21] The IRHE of stable austenitic stainless steels, in which no strain-induced α' martensitic transformation occurs during deformation, can be attributed to the low stacking-fault energy of the steels, which inhibits the occurrence of cross slips and induces slip planarity. 22,23) Metastable austenitic stainless steels such as type 301, 304 and 316 stainless steels exhibit IRHE [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]15,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] as well as HGE 8,9,11,[16][17][18][19][20][21][39][40][41][42][43][44]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal Reversible Hydrogen Embrittlement of Austenitic Stainless Steels Based on Type 316 at Low Temperatures

Zhang

Imade

et al. 2012

ISIJ Int.

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The internal reversible hydrogen embrittlement (IRHE) of austenitic Fe(10-20)Ni17Cr2Mo alloys based on type 316 stainless steels hydrogen-charged to around 40 mass ppm was investigated by performing tensile tests using the slow strain rate technique at temperatures from 80 to 300 K. The susceptibility to IRHE depended on the Ni content. IRHE occurred below a Ni content of 15% (Ni equivalent of 29%), increased with decreasing temperature, reached a maximum at 200 K and decreased with further decreasing temperature. Hydrogen-induced fracture due to IRHE occurred in brittle transgranular mode associated with the strain-induced α' martensite structure at temperatures from 200 to 300 K and occurred simultaneously with fracture along the prior annealed-twin boundary at 200 and 250 K, then changed to dimple rupture mode due to hydrogen localization at 150 K. IRHE was controlled by the amount of strain-induced α' martensite above 200 K, whereas it was controlled by hydrogen diffusion below 200 K.KEY WORDS: stainless steel; hydrogen embrittlement; nickel; low temperature deformation; slow strain rate technique.

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“…In addition, galvanostatic control is frequently chosen (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) because of its simplicity (8), and because it is capable of producing large quantities of hydrogen at the specimen surface. In recent years the study of hydrogen effects has focused on austenitic stainless steels and superalloys because of their greater resistance to hydrogen embrittlement than ferritic steels (9)(10)(11)(12). Several studies have examined near-surface concentrations (1,2), microstructural effects (1,5), and hydrogen diffusivity and solubility (3,4,7) in stainless steels, using galvanostatic control.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effects of Current Density and Recombination Poisons on Electrochemical Charging of Deuterium into an Iron‐Base Superalloy

Robinson

Moody

Myers

et al. 1990

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Using the technique of galvanostatically controlled electrochemical charging, Inconel 903 was deuterium charged from 1N deuterated sulfuric acid electrolyte, both with and without a sodium arsenate recombination poison. Nuclear reaction analysis was used to characterize the deuterium concentration vs. depth profiles over a range of current densities from 0.1 to 1000 A/m 2. Below 0.3 A/m S local corrosion and trapping controlled the surface concentration of deuterium. Up to 3 A/m ~ the poisoned and unpoisoned solutions produced similar surface deuterium concentrations. Above 3 A/m S the poisoned solution produced very large concentrations, while the concentration produced by the unpoisoned solution approached an upper limiting value. A platinum cathode was used to study the effects of the recombination poison, which was found to produce significant changes in charge transfer and in the surface chemical equilibria. Microstructural damage in IN903 occurred at and above 100 A/m z in the poisoned solution but did not occur in the unpoisoned solution. This damage was produced by the volumetric expansion resulting from deuterium absorption.Whenever metals are exposed to hydrogen or hydrogen producing environments, hydrogen embrittlement is a concern. It is characterized by degradation in tensile ductility and resistance to crack growth. These effects are studied by testing samples in hydrogen producing environments, or by precharging samples with hydrogen. Near room temperature, electrochemical charging is the most commonly used technique because it is experimentally easier to apply than gas-phase techniques. In addition, galvanostatic control is frequently chosen (1-6) because of its simplicity (8), and because it is capable of producing large quantities of hydrogen at the specimen surface. In recent years the study of hydrogen effects has focused on austenitic stainless steels and superalloys because of their greater resistance to hydrogen embrittlement than ferritic steels (9-12). Several studies have examined near-surface concentrations (1, 2), microstructural effects (1, 5), and hydrogen diffusivity and solubility (3, 4, 7) in stainless steels, using galvanostatic control.The concentration of hydrogen at the metal surface during electrochemical charging is related to the fugacity of the hydrogen which exhibits a complex dependence on solution pH, applied potential, chemical composition of the solution near the metal surface and composition of the metal, the constituent phases, and inclusions (13,14). To fully understand and utilize this technique, a systematic study of galvanostatically controlled electrochemical charging of hydrogen into austenite is needed. In this study, we characterized galvanostatic charging of the superalloy IN903 from both poisoned and unpoisoned 1N deuterated sulfuric acid solutions at current densities from 0.1 to 1000 A/m S. We then measured the deuterium concentration profile to a depth of 3 ~m by nuclear reaction analysis, using the D(3He, p)4He reaction (15). Numerical fitting of the d...

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Effect of hydrogen on metals. [Causes, mechanisms, and prevention; 59 refs]

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Wear Processes of Abrasion-Resistant Materials in Soil Environments of Varying pH

Wear Processes of Abrasion-Resistant Materials in Soil Environments of Varying pH

Internal Reversible Hydrogen Embrittlement of Austenitic Stainless Steels Based on Type 316 at Low Temperatures

The Effects of Current Density and Recombination Poisons on Electrochemical Charging of Deuterium into an Iron‐Base Superalloy

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