Effect of hydroxyapatite on physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of starch-based bio-nanocomposite films

Abstract

In this research, nanocomposite films based on starch were developed with the addition of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as a mineral filler. Hydroxyapatite was synthesized by a chemical method using calcium nitrate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate. Various concentrations of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were mixed with starch, and the developed films were evaluated in terms of physical, mechanical, and morphological properties. The highest values of mechanical parameters (tensile strength and elongation at break) were determined for the starch/hydroxyapatite film at 15 wt.% hydroxyapatite nanoparticles concentration (3.03 MPa, 37.41%, respectively). As hydroxyapatite concentration was increased from 0 to 20 wt.%, the solubility in water of the films decreased, whereas the solubility in acid increased. The crystalline structure of hydroxyapatite decreased the transparency of film and increased transparency value. Thus, a biodegradable film could be obtained with the addition of hydroxyapatite as a reinforcement filler up to 15 wt.%. It could be developed as a sustainable alternative for packaging industry.

Study of Mechanical and Optical Properties of Nano-hydroxyapatite Dispersed PS/PC Blend Nanocomposites

“…Figure 3 shows pure PS and PC without hydroxyapatite, and it is shown that the intensity is very low, with broad peaks indicating the amorphous nature of the polymer. With the addition of hydroxyapatite with a concentration of 1.6 wt.%, the intensity increases, and the composite becomes crystalline, which leads to higher mechanical properties, as seen in the results; these results agree with [25].…”

“…It is seen that the tensile properties have been hermetically decreased by the increase of hydroxyapatite concentration due to the agglomeration formation during the processing of composite above 1.6 wt% hydroxyapatite in PC/PS; the main reason behind this is hydroxyapatite content reduces hydrogen bonds formation and its effect is higher than crosslink bonds formation, which decreases the tensile strength and the elongation at break, these results agree with [25].…”

Synthesis of composite corn starch/hydroxyapatite nanoparticle biomembranes and their effect on mineralization by osteoblasts

“…Furthermore, in dry conditions, HAp addition reduced (~20%) the maximum probe displacement through the biomembranes. According to Hadi et al, 22 HAp addition to starch matrixes increases the tensile strength because the load is transferred to the polymer matrix/nanoparticle interface. On the other hand, in wet conditions, the presence of HAp did not affect the maximum probe displacement through the biomembranes.…”

“…[17][18][19] Nanoparticle addition can modify starch biomembranes, to improve their mechanical and biomedical properties. [20][21][22] For instance, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAp) have been widely studied as a biocompatible and osteoconductive biomaterial because they chemically resemble biological apatite. 23 However, tissue replacement and load-bearing applications of HAp have been limited since handling the particles at defective sites with complex shapes is difficult.…”

“…Recent studies have reported that starch affects cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation positively, so it supports cellular activity during formation of a new extracellular matrix 17–19 . Nanoparticle addition can modify starch biomembranes, to improve their mechanical and biomedical properties 20–22 . For instance, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAp) have been widely studied as a biocompatible and osteoconductive biomaterial because they chemically resemble biological apatite 23 .…”