Effect of Desmodium styracifolium‐triterpenoidon Calcium Oxalate Renal Stones

Abstract

We have studied the inhibitory effects of Desmodium styracifolium-triterpenoid (Ds-t) (extracted from Desmodium styracifolium (Osbeck) Merr, a herbal medicine) on the formation of calcium oxalate renal stones induced experimentally by ethylene glycol (EG) and 1 alpha(OH)D3 (1 alpha D3) in rats. The incidence of urinary stone formation was 81% in the control group, which received EG and 1 alpha D3, and 29% in the Ds-t group, which received EG and 1 alpha D3 supplemented by Ds-t. The serum calcium (Ca) concentration in the Ds-t group was significantly elevated and urinary Ca excretion was markedly reduced. Urinary excretion of citrate (Cit), a factor that prevents stone formation, was significantly increased in the Ds-t group. Excretion of urinary phosphorus (P), which was elevated to a significantly greater extent in the controls than in the Ds-t group, was increased in both groups. The increase in urine volume in the Ds-t group was significantly greater than in the control group. The 24-h creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) was significantly lower in the controls. These findings suggest that Ds-t inhibits the formation of Ca oxalate stones in rat kidneys by increasing the output of urine, decreasing the excretion of calcium and increasing the urinary excretion of citrate. Ds-t may be useful in preventing the recurrence of urinary Ca oxalate stones in the clinical setting.

Effect of Cymbopogon proximus (Mahareb) on ethylene glycol-induced nephrolithiasis in rats

“…The reduced serum calcium level correlates with an increased urinary calcium excretion and a subsequent deposition of calcium oxalate in the kidney as a consequence of treatment with EG. Similar results were obtained from other studies (Al-Attar, 2010;Rajagopal, 1977;Hiramaya et al, 1993). In contrast, a study by Touhami et al (2007) showed an elevated serum calcium in the EG/AC treated group; the cause of which was not explained (Touhami, 2007).…”

The genus Desmodium (Fabaceae)-traditional uses in Chinese medicine, phytochemistry and pharmacology

“…Two alkaloid compounds namely, aminoglucosyl glycerolipid (118) and glycosphingolipid (106), isolated from Desmodium gangeticum exhibited antileishmanial activities in vitro, which could be responsible for the antileishmanial of its host plant (Iwu et al, 1992;Jabbar et al, 2004;Singh et al, 2005;Mishra et al, 2005). Soyasaponin I (132), a terpenoid compound isolated from Desmodium styracifolium, was shown to be effective against urolithiasis which is corresponding with its host plant (Kubo et al, 1989b;Hirayama et al, 1993).…”

“…In addition, there was a greater increase in urine volume in the Soyasaponin I treated group than that in the control group. All the findings suggest that the inhibition on the formation of Ca oxalate stones in rat kidneys by Soyasaponin I may be resulting from increasing the output of urine, decreasing the excretion of Ca and increasing the urinary excretion of citrate (Kubo et al, 1989b;Hirayama et al, 1993).…”

Use of traditional Chinese medicine in the management of urinary stone disease

“…A 52% in stone burden was observed in Ds-t fed rats compared to control group animals. This data suggests that Ds-t reduces stone formation of pure Ca oxalate crystals in the rat kidney (23).…”