Effect ofHelicteres isora. Bark Extracts on Brain Antioxidant Status and Lipid Peroxidation in Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats

Abstract

The current study investigated the effect of the aqueous extract of Helicteres isora L (Sterculiaceae) bark on oxidative stress in the brains of rats during diabetes. The aqueous extract of H. isora bark was administered orally (100, 200 mg=kg b.w.) and the effect of the extract on blood glucose, plasma insulin, and the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), hydroperoxides, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were estimated in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. Tolbutamide was used as the standard reference drug. A significant increase in the activities of plasma insulin, SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, and GSH were observed in the brain on treatment with 100 and 200 mg=kg b.w. of H. isora bark extract (HIBe) and tolbutamide for 5 weeks. Both treated groups (bark extract and drug) showed a significant decrease in TBARS and hydroperoxides formation in brain, suggesting its role in protection against lipid peroxidation-induced membrane damage. These findings suggest a possible antiperoxidative role of H. isora bark extract that may be used for therapeutic purposes.

Biochemical study on rule of Sonchus oleraceus L. Extracts against Paracetamol-Induced Liver toxicity

“…The presence of many biologically active phytochemicals such as triterpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, tannins and glycosides in various plant extracts may be responsible for their respective pharmacological properties (12)(13)(14)(15)(16). Kumar et al,(44) reported that the administration of β-carotene to paracetamol treated rats decreases the elevated activities of serum liver marker enzymes. In the present study, oral administration of both extracts at a concentration of 150 mg/kg b.w daily for 15 days showed a significant hepatoprotecive effect.…”

Efficacy and Mechanism of Traditional Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds against Clinically Important Pathogens

“…These metabolites offer clues to manufacture new structural types of antimicrobial and antifungal chemicals that are comparatively safe to humans [62]. The classes of secondary metabolites that have greater antimicrobial properties are flavonoids (flavones, flavonols, flavanols, isoflavones, anthocyanidins), phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic, hydroxycinnamic acids), stilbenes, lignans, quinones, tannins, coumarins (simple coumarins, furanocoumarins, pyranocoumarins), terpenoids (sesquiterpene lactones, diterpenes, triterpenes, polyterpenes), alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, lectins, steroids, and polypeptides [6,16,56,62,[73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83]. These compounds have copious mechanisms that underlie antimicrobial activity, e.g., disturbing microbial membranes, weakening cellular metabolism, control biofilm formation, inhibiting bacterial capsule production, attenuating bacterial virulence by controlling quorum-sensing, and reducing microbial toxin production [3][4][5][6][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85].…”

Efficacy and Mechanisms of Flavonoids against the Emerging Opportunistic Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

“…Flavonoids are synergistic potentiators with conventional agents in improving the antibiotic efficiency against NTM [194]. Flavonoids generally protect the cells from the harmful effects of ROS generation [198,199]. Markedly, Brynildsen et al [200] suggested that to enhance the antibiotic efficiency not by damaging the bacterial ROS defense systems by flavonoids, but by increasing the endogenous ROS generation in the host, which could negate its capacity to manage with oxidative stress from the available antibiotics.…”