“…Among them, galactooligosaccharide (GOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin (INL) have been considered the promising prebiotics (Ringø & Song, ). These prebiotics have been demonstrated to improve growth performance, immune response, stress resistance, disease resistance, metabolism of health‐promoting bacteria present in the host gut in various fish species (Hoseinifar, Esteban et al., ; Song et al., ), (Akrami, Iri, Khoshbavar Rostami & Razeghi Mansour, ; Burr, Hume, Ricke, Nisbet & Gatlin, ; Cerezuela, Cuesta, Meseguer & Ángeles Esteban, ; Guerreiro, Pérez‐Jiménez, Costas & Oliva‐Teles, ; Hoseinifar, Soleimani & Ringø, ; Mahious, Gatesoupe, Hervi, Metailler & Ollevier, ; Reza, Abdolmajid, Abbas & Abdolmohammad, ; Soleimani, Hoseinifar, Merrifield, Barati & Abadi, ; Tiengtam, Khempaka, Paengkoum & Boonanuntanasarn, ; Van Doan et al., ; Wu et al., ; Zhang et al., , , , ). In common carp, the administration of different prebiotics, such as chitosan, mannan, glucans, FOS, short‐chain FOS (Sc‐FOS) and INL (Dawood & Koshio, ; Ebrahimi et al., ; Eshaghzadeh, Hoseinifar, Vahabzadeh & Ringø, ; Gopalakannan & Arul, ; Gupta et al., ; Hoseinifar, Eshaghzadeh, Vahabzadeh & Peykaran, ; Hoseinifar et al., ; Kuhlwein et al., ; Lin et al., ), has been investigated.…”