Effect ofLactobacillus plantarumStrain K21 on High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Mice

Abstract

Recent studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of specific probiotics on alleviating obesity-related disorders. Here we aimed to identify probiotics with potential antiobesity activity among 88 lactic acid bacterial strains via in vitro screening assays, and a Lactobacillus plantarum strain K21 was found to harbor abilities required for hydrolyzing bile salt, reducing cholesterol, and inhibiting the accumulation of lipid in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Furthermore, effects of K21 on diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were examined. Male C57Bl/6J mice received a normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD with K21 administration (109 CFU in 0.2 mL PBS/day) for eight weeks. Supplementation of K21, but not placebo, appeared to alleviate body weight gain and epididymal fat mass accumulation, reduce plasma leptin levels, decrease cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and mitigate liver damage in DIO mice. Moreover, the hepatic expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) related to adipogenesis was significantly downregulated in DIO mice by K21 intervention. We also found that K21 supplementation strengthens intestinal permeability and modulates the amount of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., and Clostridium perfringens in the cecal contents of DIO mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that dietary intake of K21 protects against the onset of HFD-induced obesity through multiple mechanisms of action.

Probiotic mixture improves fatty liver disease by virtue of its action on lipid profiles, leptin, and inflammatory biomarkers

“…The normalizing effects of probiotic administration on serum lipid profiles is through inhibition of lipogenesis. These findings were consistent with those of Wu et al [33], who found that L. plantarum K21, as a probiotic, produced cholesterol-lowering and bile salt-hydrolyzing capacities.…”

Microbiota in obesity: interactions with enteroendocrine, immune and central nervous systems

“…Because the microbiota is rapidly altered by diet and the consumption of a HFD is known to cause obesity , it has been suggested that diet‐induced alterations in microbiota could contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity. To identify potentially beneficial and detrimental bacteria for obesity development, we review the HFD‐induced effects on common parameters related to obesity and on the rodent microbiota . A number of significant correlations between the human or rodent microbiota and several common parameters related to obesity have been reported (Table ) .…”

“…Both Bifidobacterium spp. and A. muciniphila are correlated to decreased serum leptin levels in DIO mice (Table 1) (54), while the administration of either Bifidobacterium strains or A. muciniphila (but also B. uniformis CECT 7771) ameliorated the elevated serum leptin levels in HFD-fed mice (41,43,49,55). Additionally, HFD-induced leptin resistance was improved by a single prebiotic treatment that increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium spp.…”

“…However, this is in contrast with the beneficial effects generally attributed to fibre and shortchain fatty acids (SCFAs) in weight management (see section "The regulation of the enteroendocrine system"). Therefore, it remains unknown as to why the obese microbiota has an increased capacity to harvest energy (10,28,46,55,(89)(90)(91)(92)(93)(94).…”

Mechanisms and therapeutic effectiveness of lactobacilli

“…For instance, L. plantarum strain K21 that inhibits lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, alleviated body weight gain and epididymal fat mass accumulation, reduced plasma leptin levels, decreased cholesterol and triglyceride levels as well as mitigated liver damage in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. 289 Antilipidemic effects of lactobacilli were also evaluated along with memory-enhancing activity in aged Fischer 344 rats. 290 A probiotic mixture of L. plantarum KY1032 and L. curvatus HY7601 was provided once a day for 8 weeks.…”