Effect ofMoringa oleiferaon the histology, haematology and growth ofOreochromis mossambicusin aquadams^®fertilised with chicken manure in South Africa

Abstract

The effect of Moringa oleifera seed powder on water quality and the histology, haematology and growth of Oreochromis mossambicus was investigated. Five dosage levels, 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg l -1 , of M. oleifera seed powder were applied to aquadams ® (high-density polyethylene plastic fishponds) fertilised with chicken manure in a completely randomised design and replicated twice. Bicarbonate alkalinity and potassium increased with increasing M. oleifera dosages, whilst turbidity decreased. Dissolved oxygen was significantly higher in all M. oleifera treatments than in the control. Hepatic cord disarray, nuclei pleomorphism and cellular swelling were evident in the liver as the M. oleifera dosage increased. The testis histology showed degenerating sperm cells and atrophied seminiferous tubules in the 300 and 400 mg l -1 treatments. The degree of histological alterations of the gills increased at dosages of 300 and 400 mg l -1 . There were significant differences in the white and red blood cell counts, haemoglobin and haematocrit, and in the mean corpuscular concentration, haemoglobin and volume, between the different treatments. Fish growth decreased with increasing dosage. The histological and haematological parameters indicated that fish health was compromised at the highest dosage, leading to slow fish growth at the higher dosages.

Metabolic activities and health indices of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed varying levels of Zingiber officinale root

“…Fish fed GRP1 revealed normal liver but there is mild fatty change and vacuolar degeneration. This is in agreement with the report of [45] who observed vacuolation in fish livers fed M. oleiferadiet treatment and the control. Also, histological sections of the liver of fish fed GRP2 and GRP3 indicated fish health was compromised at the higher doses.…”

Research on Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) in Africa

“…Indeed, moringa has been used as feed or fodder for many livestock species across Africa [ 149 , 165 , 218 , 250 , 336 , 340 , 359 , 369 , 382 , 383 , 397 ], e.g., for sheep in Ghana [ 218 ]; for pigs in the Democratic Republic of the Congo [ 149 ]; for cattle in Mozambique [ 250 ]; for goats in South Africa [ 340 ] and Tanzania [ 382 , 383 ]; and for chicken/poultry in South Africa [ 336 , 359 ], Egypt [ 165 ], and Zimbabwe [ 397 ]. Similarly, different parts of moringa, especially the leaves, have been used as feed in aquaculture and fish farming [ 113 , 179 , 279 , 354 , 380 , 403 ], e.g., for Tilapia in Tanzania [ 380 ], Benin [ 113 ], Egypt [ 179 ], Nigeria [ 279 ], and South Africa [ 354 ]. Moringa has also been used as an ethnoveterinary remedy against avian diseases in Zimbabwe [ 397 ] and tested against parasitic flatworm ( Fasciola gigantica ) in Egypt [ 166 ].…”

Growth Performance of Tilapia Fed with Feed Containing Moringa Leaf Meal and Shrimp Meal

“…This might occur as the content of Moringa leaves caused the gills to experience hyperplasia. According to Rapatsa and Moyo (2014), symptoms of hyperplasia were found in Mujair fish after being fed with Moringa leaves. Hyperplasia inhibits respiration and expiration of gasses in the fish body (Jamin and Erlangga, 2016).…”