Effect of ice pack application on pain intensity during active phase of the first stage of labor among primiparaous

Abstract

Labor pain management is one of the main goals of maternity care. Ice application or cooling has been claimed to be as an effective, safe and non-invasive adjuvant mean for providing pain relief during the first stage of labor. Aim of the study: To evaluate effect of ice pack application on pain intensity during active phase of the first stage of labor among primiparaous. Research design: None-randomized-controlled clinical trial research design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted at labor and delivery unit of El Shatby Maternity University Hospital affiliated to Alexandria University. Subjects: Convenience sample of 80 pregnant women attending the previously mentioned setting were recruited in the study.

The effect of cold application to the sacral area on labor pain and labor process: A randomized controlled trial

“…It shows that the use of cold application to the sacral area is efficient in reducing pain, like cold application to the stomach and low stomach or low back and stomach in combination. 7,9,24 Comparing with other studies, the use of cold application in this manuscript only to the sacral area could be preferred both by midwives and pregnant women since its administration is easier and it does not limit the pregnant woman's movements. The mechanism of cold application is based on the gate control and endorphin theories.…”

“…24 In their study conducted with 64 nullipara pregnant women, 32 women in the experimental group and 32 women in the control group, Shirvani and Ganji used cold application to the stomach, lower stomach, and low back and found that the pain level in the experimental group was significantly lower. 7 In their study conducted with 80 primipara pregnant women, 40 women in the experimental group and 40 women in the control group, Al-Battawi et al 9 used cold application to lower stomach and low back in the first stage of labor for 10 minutes in 20minute intervals and reported that the pain level of the experimental group was significantly lower.…”

“…4 Some of the nonpharmacological methods that could be used for the management of pain during labor could be listed as hot application, [5][6][7] cold application, 7,8 and acupuncture and acupressure. 9 The painreducing mechanism of cold application used for the management of pain during labor is explained with the gate control theory and endorphin theory. [10][11][12][13] The literature involves a limited number of studies that investigated the effect of cold application on labor pain.…”

“…[10][11][12][13] The literature involves a limited number of studies that investigated the effect of cold application on labor pain. [7][8][9] These studies that investigated the effect of cold application on labor pain used cold application in different areas and in different durations and were usually conducted with primipara women. The results of the limited number of studies indicate the effect of cold application on reducing labor pain.…”

“…The results of the limited number of studies indicate the effect of cold application on reducing labor pain. [7][8][9] There are no studies that investigated the efficiency of cold application to only sacral area and that included both primipara and multipara pregnant women. The sacral area is one of the areas where labor pain is felt.…”