Effect of immunization against prostate- and testis-expressed (PATE) proteins on sperm function and fecundity in the rat

Angireddy, Rajesh; Yenugu, Suresh

doi:10.1016/j.jri.2015.02.009

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…Acrosome reaction was assessed using the ability of FITC‐labeled PNA (PNA‐FITC; Sigma Aldrich) binding to glycosylated proteins in the acrosomal region . Loss of acrosomal proteins is evident as acrosome reaction occurs and this results in decrease in PNA binding and thereby intensity of fluorescence.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 48%

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Allethrin toxicity causes reproductive dysfunction in male rats

Madhubabu

Yenugu

2017

Environmental Toxicology

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Pyrethroids are widely used for domestic and agricultural purposes and their use is increasing, especially in developing countries. Uncontrolled use of these insecticides resulted in their entry into the food chain thereby causing toxicity to different organ systems. Allethrin is one of the widely used pyrethroids, but its toxicological effects are underreported when compared to other pyrethroids. Further, its effects on the male reproductive tract remain uncharacterized. In this study, its toxicity on the male reproductive tract was evaluated by administering 25-150 mg/kg body weight allethrin to adult rats for 60 days. The mRNA expression of factors that are important in spermatogenesis (Scf, c-Kit, Hsf2, Ovol1, Brdt, Kdm3A, Ybx-2, and Grth) and steroidogenesis (StAR, 3β-HSD, 17β-HSD) was significantly downregulated. Decreased levels of testosterone, reduced sperm count and daily sperm production was also observed due to allethrin toxicity. However, sperm quality parameters assessed by computer-assisted sperm analyzer were not affected. Spermatozoa obtained from allethrin-treated rats failed to undergo acrosome reaction. Results of this study indicate that allethrin affects spermatogenesis and sperm function, thus lending further support to the growing evidence of its toxicity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…Acrosome reaction was assessed using the ability of FITC-labeled PNA (PNA-FITC; Sigma Aldrich) binding to glycosylated proteins in the acrosomal region. 43…”

Section: Assessment Of Acrosome Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allethrin toxicity causes reproductive dysfunction in male rats

Madhubabu

Yenugu

2017

Environmental Toxicology

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“…Besides their role in sperm maturation and function, some of these proteins are known to exhibit potent antimicrobial activity, thereby forming important components of male reproductive tract innate immunity as well. Proteins belonging to the HE2 and PATE families exhibit potent antimicrobial activity, besides their role in sperm maturation and function [9,39,55]. Lysozyme is one of the abundant proteins in reproductive tract tissue secretions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also reported that acrosomal protein content of caput and caudal sperm are different, suggesting that sperm undergoes changes during the transit and this is due to addition of a wide variety of proteins added on to its surface. Examples include HongrES1 [2], HE4 [3], cystatin 11 (CST11) [4], lactoferrin [5], human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (hCAP18) [6], ESP13.2 [7], members of the SPAG11 family [8], members of the PATE family [9] and defensins [10]. Some of the members of defensin, SPAG11 and PATE families are shown to have role in fertilization, suggesting bifunctional role for these proteins in epididymal innate immunity and sperm maturation [7,9,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples include HongrES1 [2], HE4 [3], cystatin 11 (CST11) [4], lactoferrin [5], human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (hCAP18) [6], ESP13.2 [7], members of the SPAG11 family [8], members of the PATE family [9] and defensins [10]. Some of the members of defensin, SPAG11 and PATE families are shown to have role in fertilization, suggesting bifunctional role for these proteins in epididymal innate immunity and sperm maturation [7,9,11]. Further, amyloidogenic proteins such as cystatin-related epididymal spermatogenic (CRES) protein in the acrosomal matrix of the spermatozoa form amyloids in vitro and in vivo , besides being antimicrobial [12] [13] [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Silico and Biochemical Characterization of Lysozyme-Like Proteins in the Rat

Narmadha

Yenugu

2016

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundSpermatogenesis and sperm maturation in the male reproductive tract is dictated by a variety of proteins secreted in the testis and epididymis. Though the proteome of these tissues is known, the functional role of many of these proteins remains uncharacterized. In this study, we characterize the rat Lysozyme-like (Lyzl) genes and proteins.MethodsIn silico tools were used to predict the primary, secondary and tertiary structures. Reverse transcription PCR, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting were used to determine the expression pattern. Lysozyme like enzyme activity was assessed by standard assays.ResultsSix rat Lyzl genes namely Lyzl1, Lyzl3, Lyzl4, Lyzl5, Lyzl6 and Lyzl7 were found to be highly conserved among the vertebrates with higher homology to mouse counterparts than with human counterparts. All the LYZL proteins contained the characteristic 4 disulfide bridges similar to c-type lysozyme. Only LYZL 1 and 6, conserved the active site amino acids of the lysozyme. Molecular modeling studies indicated that LYZL proteins exhibit strikingly similar three-dimensional structures among themselves. The secondary structure analysis of the recombinant LYZL proteins indicated the presence of α-helix, β-sheet and random coil with α-helix being the majority. Docking studies indicated the peptidoglycan binding nature of LYZL proteins. All the rat Lyzl mRNA transcripts (Lyzl1, Lyzl3, Lyzl4, Lyzl5, Lyzl6 and Lyzl7) are predominantly expressed in testes though some of them are expressed in tissues other than reproductive tract. Their expression was androgen independent. The rat LYZL proteins are localized in the germinal epithelium and on the spermatozoa. Recombinant LYZL1 and 6 possessed muramidase, isopeptidase and antibacterial activities. The mechanism of antibacterial action of LYZL1 and LYZL6 involved bacterial membrane damage and leakage of cellular contents. Only LYZL1 and 6 possess peptidoglycan binding ability, whereas LYZL3, LYZL4 and LYZL5 possess hyaluronan binding ability suggesting a possible functional divergence of these proteins. LYZL3, LYZL4 and LYZL7 possessed free radical scavenging property, suggesting that they may act as antioxidants.ConclusionThe divergent properties of LYZL proteins indicate that they may have a role in sperm function, innate immunity and other physiological process as well.

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The Sperm‐Associated Antigen 11A (Spag11a) Knockout Mice Display Sub‐Fertility and Perturbations in the Sperm Proteome

Sangeeta,

Aisha,

Yenugu

2024

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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Spermatogenesis and sperm maturation that occur in the testis and epididymis respectively are crucial for fertility. Factors secreted by the testicular and epididymal epithelial cells govern the processes of gametogenesis and maturation. Proteins encoded by the sperm‐associated antigen 11a (Spag11a) gene are implicated as having a possible role in sperm maturation. However, studies that demonstrate their definite role in fertility and sperm function using knockout models have not yet reported. In this study, Spag11a knockout mice were generated, genotyped and the reproductive parameters (fecundity, sperm count, capacitation, and acrosome reaction) and sperm proteome were determined. Litter size and sperm count were decreased in the Spag11a knockout mice when compared to the wild‐type controls. Spermatozoa from the knockout mice were able to undergo capacitation. However, acrosome reaction did not occur in sperm obtained from knockout mice. Structural abnormalities in the head and tail structures were evident in the spermatozoa of knockout mice. Perturbations in the expression of sperm proteins that are involved in gametogenesis were evident. The subfertility observed in Spag11a knockout mice could be a manifestation of lower sperm count, impaired acrosome reactions, and disturbances in the sperm proteome. The results of this study lend further support to the role of Spag11a gene in male gamete function.

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Effect of immunization against prostate- and testis-expressed (PATE) proteins on sperm function and fecundity in the rat

Cited by 14 publications

References 57 publications

Allethrin toxicity causes reproductive dysfunction in male rats

Allethrin toxicity causes reproductive dysfunction in male rats

In Silico and Biochemical Characterization of Lysozyme-Like Proteins in the Rat

The Sperm‐Associated Antigen 11A (Spag11a) Knockout Mice Display Sub‐Fertility and Perturbations in the Sperm Proteome

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