Effect of impact parameters and moisture content on kernel loss during corn snapping

Fu, Qiankun; Fu, Jun; Chen, Zhi; Han, Lujia; Ren, Luquan

doi:10.31545/intagr/113490

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The dependence of the maximal value of force, F max , on the velocity, V imp , and the day of storage, S t , was statistically significant and the determination coefficients were R 2 = 0.87–0.98 and R 2 = 0.49–0.79, respectively. The increase in the value of the maximal impact force with increasing impact velocity was confirmed by impact studies carried out not only for beets [ 24 , 33 ], but also for potatoes [ 44 ], peaches [ 45 ], corn [ 46 ], blueberries [ 47 ], apples [ 27 , 48 , 49 , 50 ], pears [ 29 ], kiwifruit [ 51 ] and guava [ 25 ]. This results from the viscoelastic nature of plant materials that are vegetables and fruits, and is connected with the loss of turgor in the tissues.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Mechanical Properties of Sugar Beet Roots under Impact Loading Conditions

2023

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Root damages due to mechanical impacts result in deterioration in commercial sugar beet quality. In order to determine the mechanical characteristics of roots, a stand equipped with a pendulum enabling impact investigations of whole beets was used. The roots were stored in a monitored environment for up to 5 days (temperature 15 ± 2 °C, 40 ± 2%). During the tests, the beets were struck against a flat steel resistant surface with the velocities Vimp = 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m·s−1. The measurements of local root curvatures in three chosen impact areas and the deformation (dmax) allowed modelling of the volume of contact (CV) by means of the ellipsoid cap. These investigations enabled the determination of the relations between the maximal impact force, Fmax, the impact energy, Eimp, and the absorbed energy, Eabs, as well as the contact volume and impact velocity, taking into account the root storage time, St. It was found that the maximal impact force increased with increasing impact velocity and decreased with the storage time for each group of roots. With increasing velocity, there were also increases in the following: impact energy, absorbed energy, contact volume and maximal deformation, as well as absorbed energy, referred to as the mass Eabs-v from Vimp. The mean values of the stresses (σmax), being the quotients of the impact force (Fmax) and the surface area of the ellipsoid cap base (ABE), were 0.81–1.17 MPa, 1.064–1.59 MPa and 1.45–1.77 MPa for the velocities of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m·s−1, respectively. It was confirmed that the statistical significance of the mentioned parameters changes depending on the impact velocity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Mechanical Properties of Sugar Beet Roots under Impact Loading Conditions

2023

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“…Then the corn ears are picked by the blocking effect of the snapping plates, as shown in Figure 1 . In this process, the corn stalk is not only subjected to forces by the stalk rolls and the pins on the gathering chains but also influenced by the root anchorage ( Fu et al, 2019 ). In the previous studies, Donovan et al (1982) measured the pulling force of the corn root with a sensor connected to the three-point linkage of the tractor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and Analysis of Root Anchorage Effect on Stalk Forces in Lodged Corn Harvesting

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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The effect of root anchorage on corn stalk is the main cause of difficulties in stalk lifting and ear picking of lodged corn. To quantify the forces on the stalks caused by root anchorage in corn harvesting, a root force measurement system was designed and applied in this study. The bending moment and torsional moment on the upright and lodged corn stalks were measured in corn harvesting with the designed system and the results were compared with the manually measured failure boundaries. The manually measured results showed bending moments to push down the upright stalks, to lift the lodged corn stalks, and to slip the lodged corn stalks were 35.12, 23.33, and 40.36 Nm, respectively, whereas the torsional moments needed to twist off the upright and lodged corn stalks were 4.02 and 3.33 Nm, respectively. The bending moments that the corn header applied to the upright, forward lodged, reverse lodged, and lateral lodged corn stalks were 10.68, 22.24, 16.56, and 20.42 Nm, respectively, whereas the torsional moments on them were 1.32, 1.59, 1.55, and 1.77 Nm, respectively. The bending force was the main factor that broke the root anchorage and influenced the stalk movement of lodged corn in harvesting. By analyzing the bending moment curves on the lodged corn stalks, it was proposed that for the harvesting of corn lodged in the forward, reverse, and lateral direction, the corresponding harvester header improvement suggestions are enlarging the size of pins on the gathering chains, reducing the speed of gathering chains, and lengthening the snouts with a sleeker surface, respectively. This study provides base data for the root anchorage effect on lodged corn and provides references for the improved design of the corn harvester header.

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“…Voicu et al [10] investigated dimensional analysis theory in order to develop a mathematical model of the seeds separation process at the cleaning system level of grain harvester combines in order to anticipate seed losses. Fu et al [11] analytically evaluated the collision force of corn ears during the ear-picking process and built a wheel-type rigid-flexible coupling loss-reducing head with a flexible surface and a buffer spring to efficiently decrease kernel loss. Geng et al [12] developed a mathematical model of corn ear force by analyzing the influencing factors and trends of corn damage during the ear-picking process, which led to the discovery of damage mechanism and major influencing factors of mechanical ear-picking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization Design and Experiment of Ear-Picking and Threshing Devices of Corn Plot Kernel Harvester

et al. 2021

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In order to solve the problems of easy-to-break kernels and substantial harvest losses during kernel harvesting in breeding trials plot of corn, an ear-picking device and a threshing device of corn plot kernel harvester has been optimized. To automatically change the gap of the ear-picking plate, a self-elastic structure with compression spring and connecting rod is used. The ear-picking plate is glued, and an elastic rubber gasket is placed underneath it, which effectively improves the adaptability of the ear-picking device and reduces corn kernel collision damage during ear-picking. To ensure the self-purification of the ear-picking device, a combination of auger sieve hole cleaning device and lateral pneumatic auxiliary cleaning system is used. A dual-axial flow threshing device is designed, which uses a “U”-shaped conveying system to transport maize ears in the threshing chamber. The spacing of the concave sieve may be adjusted, and the residual kernels in the threshing chamber can be cleaned up after harvesting one plot by combining three cleanings, which meets the requirements of no mixing between plots. The force analysis of corn ears in the threshing chamber determines the best design plan for the forward speed, the speed of the second threshing drum, and the threshing gap. The breakage rate and non-threshing rate regression models were created using the quadratic regression orthogonal combination test, and the parameters were optimized using MATLAB. The verification test results showed that when the forward speed was 0.61 m/s, the second threshing drum speed was 500 r/min, and the threshing gap was 40 mm, the breakage rate was 1.47%, and the non-threshing rate was 0.89%, which met the kernel harvesting requirements in corn plots.

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Effect of impact parameters and moisture content on kernel loss during corn snapping

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Mechanical Properties of Sugar Beet Roots under Impact Loading Conditions

Mechanical Properties of Sugar Beet Roots under Impact Loading Conditions

Measurement and Analysis of Root Anchorage Effect on Stalk Forces in Lodged Corn Harvesting

Optimization Design and Experiment of Ear-Picking and Threshing Devices of Corn Plot Kernel Harvester

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