Effect of impurities on the polymerization of vinylcarbazole by azobisisobutyronitrile

Ellinger, L. P.

doi:10.1002/app.1965.070091216

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Benzene was dried with 4 Å molecular sieves. According to ref , radical polymerization was performed in a benzene solution of 20 cm 3 containing 2.0 g of N -vinylcarbazole monomer and 0.08 g of azobis(isobutyronitrile) as the radical initiator. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 10 h at 80 °C, then cooled to room temperature followed by reprecipitation from the benzene solution into 60 cm 3 of methanol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled Assembly of Regular Composite Nanowire Arrays and Their Multilayers Using Electropolymerized Polymers as Templates

1997

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This paper describes a novel chemical method for controlled assembly of regular composite nanowire arrays at the molecular level. The polycationic poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PNVK) template is prepared by electrochemical polymerization of the N-vinylcarbazole monomer. Regular composite nanowire arrays of thallic oxide (Tl2O3) and polycationic PNVK are fabricated through ordered aggregation of the negative Tl2O3 nanoparticles along the positive chains of the polycationic PNVK in the polycationic PNVK−arachidic acid (AA) mixed monolayer on the air−alkaline Tl2O3 sol interface. The widths of the Tl2O3 and the polycationic PNVK nanowires are 3.2 and 2.7 nm, respectively. The above regular nanowire arrays can also be obtained when a polycationic PNVK single component is used as a template. These nanowires lie in the plane of the corresponding monolayers. The polycationic PNVK−AA mixed monolayer and the Tl2O3 nanowire arrays aggregated along the polycationic PNVK chains can be easily transferred onto hydrophobic substrates layer by layer to form Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) multilayers with a spacing of 5.5 nm. This novel method should be applicable to the preparation of a wide range of composite nanowire arrays.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled Assembly of Regular Composite Nanowire Arrays and Their Multilayers Using Electropolymerized Polymers as Templates

1997

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“…Several methods have been developed for the polymerization of VCZ, such as free‐radical,13–16 conventional cationic (protonic acids, Lewis acids, and carbocations),17–21 photoinitiation,22, 23 Ziegler–Natta,24 charge‐transfer,25 electrochemical,26, 27 vapor‐deposition,12 and solid‐state polymerization 28. The free‐radical polymerization of VCZ with azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as thermal initiators gives PVCZ with a molecular weight below 100,000 16, 18, 19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of high‐molecular‐weight poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) by the photoinduced low‐temperature solution polymerization of N‐vinylcarbazole in 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane

Lee

Lyoo

Noh

et al. 2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:For the preparation of high-molecularweight (HMW) poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVCZ) with a narrow molecular weight distribution, N-vinylcarbazole (VCZ) was solution-polymerized in 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TCE) at Ϫ20, 0, and 20°C with photoinitiation. The effects of the polymerization temperature and the concentrations of the polymerization solvent and photoinitiator on the polymerization behavior and molecular parameters of PVCZ were investigated. A low polymerization temperature with photoirradiation was successful in obtaining HMW PVCZ with a smaller temperature rise during polymerization than that for thermal free-radical polymerization by azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). The photo-solution-polymerization rate of VCZ in TCE was proportional to [AIBN] 0.45 . The molecular weight was higher and the molecular weight distribution was narrower for PVCZ made at lower temperatures. For PVCZ prepared in TCE at Ϫ20°C with a photoinitiator concentration of 0.00003 mol/mol of VCZ, a weight-average molecular weight of 920,000 was obtained, with a polydispersity index of 1.46, and the degree of transparency converged to about 99%.

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“…The polymerization of Nvinyl carbazole (NVC) can be carried out using free-radical initiators 10,11 and cationic initiators. 12,13 Attempts to polymerize NVC by anionic initiators have not been successful.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical synthesis of poly(N-vinyl carbazole) doped with HSO4? and NO3? anions

Saçak

1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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In this study, the conducting forms of poly(N-vinyl carbazole) (PNVC) doped with HSO 4 Ϫ and NO 3 Ϫ anions were synthesized electrochemically in dioxane and ethanol. It was observed that the acid concentration was an important factor in the synthesis of the conducting PNVC in dioxane-H 2 SO 4 media. No conducting PNVC film was formed on the electrode surface in the electrolyses carried out with acid concentrations below 2.0 M H 2 SO 4 in dioxane. However, a conducting PNVC film was obtained at lower acid concentrations (i.e., 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 ) when the solvent was switched from dioxane to ethanol. The use of HCl and acetic acid at different concentrations in ethanol or dioxane media failed to yield conducting PNVC.

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Effect of impurities on the polymerization of vinylcarbazole by azobisisobutyronitrile

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Controlled Assembly of Regular Composite Nanowire Arrays and Their Multilayers Using Electropolymerized Polymers as Templates

Controlled Assembly of Regular Composite Nanowire Arrays and Their Multilayers Using Electropolymerized Polymers as Templates

Preparation of high‐molecular‐weight poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) by the photoinduced low‐temperature solution polymerization of N‐vinylcarbazole in 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane

Electrochemical synthesis of poly(N-vinyl carbazole) doped with HSO4? and NO3? anions

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