Effect of in ovo-delivered prebiotics and synbiotics on lymphoid-organs’ morphology in chickens

Abstract

Prebiotics and probiotics, either alone or together (synbiotics), can influence the intestinal microbiota and modulate the immune response. We aimed to investigate the effects of prebiotic and synbiotic administration during the early stage of development on the histological structures of central (bursa of Fabricius and thymus) and peripheral (spleen) lymphatic organs in broilers. We used 800 hatching eggs from meat-type hens (Ross 308). Prebiotics and synbiotics were administered in ovo into the air chamber of chicken eggs at d 12 incubation, as follows: prebiotic inulin (Pre1), Bi2tos (Pre2), a synbiotic composed of inulin and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IBB SL1 (Syn1), a synbiotic composed of Bi2tos and L. lactis subsp. cremoris IBB SC1 (Syn2), or physiological saline (control group, C). In ovo delivery of prebiotics and synbiotics had no adverse effect on the development of the immune system in exposed chickens. Administration of Bi2tos with L. lactis subsp. cremoris (Syn2) decreased the cortex/medulla ratio in the thymus and slowed the development of the cortex in bursal follicles on d 21 posthatching, with consequent impacts on the primary lymphatic organs. The above treatment also stimulated germinal centers' formation in the spleens of 21- and 35-day-old chickens, indicating enhanced B-cell proliferation in secondary lymphatic organs. Syn2 also caused an age-dependent increase in the spleen/bursa of Fabricius ratio. In conclusion, the in ovo administration of pre- and synbiotics at d 12 incubation can modulate the central and peripheral lymphatic organ development in broilers. This effect is more pronounced after synbiotic treatment than in prebiotic-treated groups.

Synbiotics for Broiler Chickens—In Vitro Design and Evaluation of the Influence on Host and Selected Microbiota Populations following In Ovo Delivery

“…lactis or GOS + Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris , significantly increased final BWG with unchanged FCE [21]. In another experiment, in ovo injection of GOS and RFO prebiotics alone also increased BWG, but with higher FI and FCE [42].…”

“…Effects of in ovo delivery on microflora-promoting bioactive compounds are detectable during the entire lifespan of the chicken [18,21]. In our previous experiments, we demonstrated that a single injection of prebiotic or synbiotic in ovo could modify the entire spectrum of phenotypic traits in growing broiler chickens, including growth traits [22], immune organ structure and development [13,18,21], histological composition of the intestinal tissue [23,24], parameters of meat quality [25], digestive potency of the pancreas [26], and molecular changes in the cecal tonsils, spleen [17,18], and liver (A. Dunislawska, personal communication).…”

Long-Term Transcriptomic Effects of Prebiotics and Synbiotics Delivered In Ovo in Broiler Chickens

“…At the same time (7 th day post hatching), there was a significant depletion of B cells from the bursa of Fabricius in prebiotic and synbiotic-injected chickens (P1, P2, S1 and S2), which suggests the release of the young B cells from primary lymphoid organs and increased colonization of the secondary lymphoid organs (CT) [27]. In 21-day-old chickens, in ovo treatments with synbiotics (S1, S2) resulted in a further increase in B cells (Bu-1 + ) in CT. As for S, in ovo delivery of synbiotics resulted in increased relative S weight on the 21 st day, post hatching [25] and elevated numbers of germinal centers, which are mostly T-independent areas [26]. These findings suggest that synbiotics delivered in ovo stimulate the development of mucosal (GALT) and systemic (spleen) humoral immunity in chickens.…”

Influence of different prebiotics and mode of their administration on broiler chicken performance

“…Allantochorion is completely developed and highly vascularized, allowing for transfer of the bioactive solution from air cell to embryonic gastrointestinal tract. This method has been successfully used for prebiotic Bednarczyk et al, 2011) or synbiotic (Maiorano et al, 2012;Slawinska et al, 2014a and2014b;Madej and Bednarczyk, 2016;Madej et al, 2015;Pruszynska-Oszmalek et al, 2015) in ovo delivery. As a consequence, in ovo delivery of prebiotics not only have improved performance traits, such as the growth rate, feed intake (FI), nutrient digestibility (Bednarczyk et al, 2011) and meat quality (Maiorano et al, 2012), but also significantly increased total activity of pancreatic enzymes (amylase, lipase and trypsin) (Pruszynska-Oszmalek et al, 2015) and influence immune system development and function (Slawinska et al, 2014b;Madej and Bednarczyk, 2016;Madej et al, 2015;Plowiec et al, 2015).…”