Effect of Increasing Ruminal Butyrate on Milk Yield and Blood Constituents in Dairy Cows Fed a Grass Silage-Based Diet

Huhtanen, Pekka; Miettinen, Harri; Ylinen, Mauno

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(93)77440-8

Cited by 89 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…All data points are presented as means within a study. butyrate, Huhtanen et al (1993) found increasing milk production, however, these authors infused butyrate continuously into the rumen and the cows did not experience the dramatic diurnal changes in peripheral butyrate concentration as in the present study.…”

Section: Hourcontrasting

confidence: 55%

Urea and short-chain fatty acids metabolism in Holstein cows fed a low-nitrogen grass-based diet

Røjen

Lund

Kristensen

2008

Animal

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Three ruminally cannulated and multicatheterised lactating dairy cows were used to investigate the effect of different supplement strategies to fresh clover grass on urea and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism in a zero-grazing experiment with 24-h blood and ruminal samplings. Fresh clover grass was cut every morning and offered from 0800 to 1500 h. Maize silage was fed at 1530 h. The three treatments, arranged in a Latin square, differed by timing of feeding rolled barley and soya-bean hulls relative to fresh clover grass. All diets had the same overall composition. Treatments were soya-bean hulls fed at 0700 h and barley fed at 1530 h (SAM), barley fed at 0700 h and soya-bean hulls fed at 1530 h (BAM), and both soya-bean hulls and barley fed at 1530 h (SBPM). The grass had an unexpectedly low content of crude protein (12.7%) and the cows were severely undersupplied with rumen degradable protein. The treatment effects were numerically small; greater arterial ammonia concentration, net portal flux of ammonia and net hepatic flux of urea during part of the day were observed when no supplementary carbohydrate was fed before grass feeding. A marked diurnal variation in ruminal fermentation was observed and grass feeding increased ruminal concentrations of propionate and butyrate. The net portal fluxes of propionate, butyrate, isovalerate and valerate as well as the net hepatic uptake of propionate, butyrate, valerate and caproate increased after feeding at 0700 h. The hepatic extraction of butyrate showed a relatively large depression with grass feeding with nadir at 1200 to 1330 h. The increased net portal absorption and the decreased hepatic extraction resulted in an approximately six-fold increase in the arterial blood concentration of butyrate. The gut entry rate of urea accounted for 70 6 10% of the net hepatic production of urea. Saliva contributed to 14% of the total amount of urea recycled to the gut. Urea recycling to the gut was equivalent to 58% of the dietary nitrogen intake. Despite the severe undersupply of rumen degradable protein, the portaldrained viscera did not extract more than 4.3% of the urea supplied with arterial blood. This value is in line with the literature values for cows fed diets only moderately deficient in rumen degradable protein and indicates that cows maximise urea transfer across gut epithelia even when the diet is moderately deficient in rumen degradable protein.

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Section: Hourcontrasting

confidence: 55%

Urea and short-chain fatty acids metabolism in Holstein cows fed a low-nitrogen grass-based diet

Røjen

Lund

Kristensen

2008

Animal

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“…It may be speculated that part of the energy from the concentrates was used to maintain the cows and for gaining weight, since the cows did gain weight. It has been established that the efficiency of energy utilization for milk production depends on the ratio of molar proportions of VFAs in the rumen (Huhtanen et al, 1993). A mean propionic to acetic acid ratio of 15:64 was found to prevail in the rumen of the cows in the study for all the diets.…”

Section: Milk Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of supplementing a high-protein ram press sunflower cake concentrate on smallholder milk production in Zimbabwe

Ngongoni¹,

Mapiye²,

Mwale³

et al. 2007

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Ram press sunflower cake protein concentrate was formulated locally and its effect on the performance of dairy cows was compared with that of a commercial dairy concentrate. The effects of concentrate on roughage dry matter intake, milk yield and milk composition, live weight and calving intervals were similar for all concentrates, which indicated that the home grown dairy concentrates were as effective as the dairy commercial concentrate. The lack of significant differences in the concentrations of rumen NH3-N, pH, VFAs and total AA in all the cows between concentrate types supported this. The results indicated that in the low-resource and low-input production systems, crossbreds were as productive as Jersey and Red Dane cows. The exotic cows were more susceptible to tick-borne diseases and mastitis, and showed higher incidences of calving problems and retained placenta compared with crossbred cows. The economics of feeding ram press sunflower concentrate were compared with those of a commercial dairy concentrate on the performance of crossbred, Red Dane and Jersey cows. The gross margin was higher when feeding sunflower cake than when feeding commercial dairy concentrate (p < 0.05).

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“…Extracellular ketone bodies are represented in eqn (40) because de novo milk fat synthesis is positively correlated with -hydroxybutyrate concentrations in blood (Huhtanen et al, 1993). It is not clear whether the e!ect is mediated through the conversion of -hydroxybutyrate to butyrate, which then serves as a substrate primer for the initiation of chain-elongation, or via some other mechanism.…”

Section: Milk Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Mammary Metabolism in the Dairy Cow to Predict Milk Constituent Yield, with Emphasis on Amino Acid Metabolism and Milk Protein Production: Model Construction

Hanigan¹,

Crompton

Metcalf

et al. 2001

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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Previous efforts to simulate mammary metabolism have focused on energy, mostly considering amino acids (AA) in aggregate. The main objective of this work was to build a model of mammary metabolism, based on data from arterio-venous difference studies, which considered AA in sufficient detail to predict yields of milk solids. The model contains 19 state variables and considers the removal of 37 metabolites from blood, including 22 AA. It is driven by blood flow and arterial concentrations, and outputs include milk protein, milk lactose, and three classes of milk fat (by chain length). The model was parameterized using a balance version of it and the mean observations from four arterio-venous difference experiments, with a limited number of assumptions, and evaluated against these experiments. In assembling the balance model, milk protein output was not predicted satisfactorily, as some essential AA were not present in quantities great enough to support the rates of milk protein synthesis observed experimentally. Tryptophan showed the greatest deficit, followed by tyrosine plus phenylalanine, methionine, and histidine. In addition, significant quantities of pyruvate were needed to synthesize serine, glycine, and alanine. The supply of alpha-ketoglutarate plus glutamate to synthesize proline and glutamine was provided in part by catabolism of arginine; the remainder was derived from catabolism of other AA and energetic substrates.

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Effect of Increasing Ruminal Butyrate on Milk Yield and Blood Constituents in Dairy Cows Fed a Grass Silage-Based Diet

Cited by 89 publications

References 17 publications

Urea and short-chain fatty acids metabolism in Holstein cows fed a low-nitrogen grass-based diet

Urea and short-chain fatty acids metabolism in Holstein cows fed a low-nitrogen grass-based diet

Effect of supplementing a high-protein ram press sunflower cake concentrate on smallholder milk production in Zimbabwe

Modelling Mammary Metabolism in the Dairy Cow to Predict Milk Constituent Yield, with Emphasis on Amino Acid Metabolism and Milk Protein Production: Model Construction

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