Effect of infection with BHV-1 on peripheral blood leukocytes and lymphocyte subpopulations in calves with subclinical BVD

Molina, Verónica; Risalde, María Ángeles; Sánchez-Cordón, P.J.; Pedrera, M.; Romero-Palomo, F.; Luzzago, C.

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.02.018

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown that peripheral blood monocytes are not appreciatively depleted during BVDV infection (Ellis et al, 1988;Gånheim et al, 2005;Molina et al, 2013). In the present study, lymphopenia was observed in calves infected with high or low virulence BVDV2 strains.…”

Section: Circulating Monocytes Are Not Depleted In Calves Infected Wisupporting

confidence: 46%

Bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 in vivo infection modulates TLR4 responsiveness in differentiated myeloid cells which is associated with decreased MyD88 expression

Schaut¹,

McGill

Neill

et al. 2015

Virus Research

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Symptoms of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection range from subclinical to severe, depending on strain virulence. Several in vitro studies showed BVDV infection impaired leukocyte function. Fewer studies have examined the effects of in vivo BVDV infection on monocyte/macrophage function, especially with strains of differing virulence. We characterized cytokine production by bovine myeloid cells isolated early or late in high (HV) or low virulence (LV) BVDV2 infection. Given BVDV infection may enhance susceptibility to secondary bacterial infection, LPS responses were examined as well. Monocytes from HV and LV infected calves produced higher levels of cytokines compared to cells from controls. In contrast, monocyte-derived macrophage cytokine levels were generally reduced. Modulated cytokine expression in HV BVDV2 macrophages was associated with decreased MyD88 expression, likely due to its interaction with viral NS5A. These data and those of others, suggest that certain Flaviviridae may have evolved strategies for subverting receptor signaling pathways involving MyD88.

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Section: Circulating Monocytes Are Not Depleted In Calves Infected Wisupporting

confidence: 46%

Bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 in vivo infection modulates TLR4 responsiveness in differentiated myeloid cells which is associated with decreased MyD88 expression

Schaut¹,

McGill

Neill

et al. 2015

Virus Research

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“…A difference between groups was observed in the behavior of CD8þ, CD4þ, and Foxp3þ regulatory T cells, as well as in the different cytokines studied in response to the secondary infectious agent. After BHV-1 inoculation and according to the systemic findings, 35 healthy calves demonstrated a slight and early increase of CD8þ T lymphocytes in the lungs. These cytotoxic cells appear to have a key role in preventing the spread of this pathogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In addition, the model has permitted the observation of an impairment of the systemic immune response based on a depletion of CD8þ T cells, alteration of their cytotoxic action, a delay in interferon g (IFNg) production, and low levels of interleukin (IL)-12. 35,48 Furthermore, calves preinfected with BVDV displayed significant tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa) secretion in serum and a reduced production of IL-10 following BHV-1 infection, leading to an exacerbation of the inflammatory response and to the development of intense clinical signs and inflammatory lesions. 48 These lesions have also been observed in the lung of BVDV-infected calves challenged with BHV-1, whose pulmonary parenchyma was affected by an interstitial pneumonia consisting of aggregates of mononuclear cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Preinfection With Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus on Immune Cells From the Lungs of Calves Inoculated With Bovine Herpesvirus 1.1

et al. 2014

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The aim of this work was to study the interstitial aggregates of immune cells observed in pulmonary parenchyma of calves preinfected with bovine viral diarrhea virus and challenged later with bovine herpesvirus 1. In addition, the intent of this research was to clarify the role of bovine viral diarrhea virus in local cell-mediated immunity and potentially in predisposing animals to bovine respiratory disease complex. Twelve Friesian calves, aged 8 to 9 months, were inoculated with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype 1. Ten were subsequently challenged with bovine herpesvirus 1 and euthanized at 1, 2, 4, 7, or 14 days postinoculation. The other 2 calves were euthanized prior to the second inoculation. Another cohort of 10 calves was inoculated only with bovine herpesvirus 1 and then were euthanized at the same time points. Two calves were not inoculated with any agent and were used as negative controls. Pulmonary lesions were evaluated in all animals, while quantitative and biosynthetic changes in immune cells were concurrently examined immunohistochemically to compare coinfected calves and calves challenged only with bovine herpesvirus 1. Calves preinfected with bovine viral diarrhea virus demonstrated moderate respiratory clinical signs and histopathologic evidence of interstitial pneumonia with aggregates of mononuclear cells, which predominated at 4 days postinoculation. Furthermore, this group of animals was noted to have a suppression of interleukin-10 and associated alterations in the Th1-driven cytokine response in the lungs, as well as inhibition of the response of CD8þ and CD4þ T lymphocytes against bovine herpesvirus 1. These findings suggest that bovine viral diarrhea virus preinfection could affect the regulation of the immune response as modulated by regulatory T cells, as well as impair local cell-mediated immunity to secondary respiratory pathogens.Keywords bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine herpesvirus type 1, lung, immune response, lymphocytes, immunohistochemistry Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important pestiviral pathogen of cattle, causing considerable economic losses for the livestock industry. 25 The biology of BVDV is highly complex, depending on a variety of factors such as the viral genotype and biotype causing the infection, the immune status and age of the affected animals, and the gestational stage of cows in case of infection during pregnancy. 7,29,33,44 This leads to a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and lesions, which are classified according to the type of BVDV infection-namely, acute infection, persistent infection, and mucosal disease. During acute infections, the pestivirus can induce severe reproductive, gastrointestinal, and respiratory disease in cattle. 21,38,49

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“…Concurrent infections with two or more agents may occur, and the ability of these agents to modulate the innate and adaptive immune responses is well recognised (Srikumaran and others 2007). A number of experimental studies have demonstrated the synergistic effects of dual infections on the severity of the resulting disease, including those between BoHV-1 and Mannheimia haemolytica (Potgieter and others 1988); BRSV and Histophilus somnus (Potgieter and others 1984); BVDV and BRSV (Kelling and others 1996) and BVDV and BoHV-1 (Molina and others 2013, Risalde and others 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of detection of respiratory viruses in nasal swabs from calves in Ireland: a retrospective study

O’Neill¹,

Mooney²,

Connaghan³

et al. 2014

Veterinary Record

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A retrospective analysis was conducted to investigate the prevalence and seasonality of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), bovine coronavirus (BoCV), bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1), bovine respiratory syncytical virus (BRSV) and parainfluenza virus-3 (PI3V) in calves (aged three months and below) in Ireland. Results from real-time PCR testing, including cycle threshold values, conducted on nasal swabs (single or pooled) submitted from 1364 respiratory disease outbreaks between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2012 were included in this study. One or more viruses were detected in 34.6 per cent of submissions, with BoCV detected most frequently (22.9 per cent), followed by BRSV (11.6 per cent), PI3 V (7.0 per cent), BoHV-1 (6.1 per cent) and BVDV (5.0 per cent). The detection rate of all viruses was higher when pooled multiple swabs were submitted from outbreaks rather than single swabs, with these differences being significant for all except BVDV. Two or more viruses were detected in 39.4 per cent of positive submissions, with BoCV and BRSV most commonly present as one of the two partners in detection. With the exception of BVDV, which was detected all year round, the others showed a clear seasonal pattern, being most commonly detected in winter and spring.

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Effect of infection with BHV-1 on peripheral blood leukocytes and lymphocyte subpopulations in calves with subclinical BVD

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 in vivo infection modulates TLR4 responsiveness in differentiated myeloid cells which is associated with decreased MyD88 expression

Bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 in vivo infection modulates TLR4 responsiveness in differentiated myeloid cells which is associated with decreased MyD88 expression

Effects of Preinfection With Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus on Immune Cells From the Lungs of Calves Inoculated With Bovine Herpesvirus 1.1

Patterns of detection of respiratory viruses in nasal swabs from calves in Ireland: a retrospective study

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