Effect of initial filament moisture content on the microstructure and mechanical performance of ULTEM® 9085 3D printed parts

Zaldivar, Rafael J.; McLouth, Tait D.; Ferrelli, Geena L.; Patel, Dhruvil; Hopkins, Alan R.; Witkin, David B.

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2018.10.022

Cited by 56 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Compared with the standard ME‐AM materials PLA and ABS, the water absorption of PP is more than one order of magnitude lower . Consequently, vaporized water cannot complicate the printing process, resulting in less voids and a more appealing surface quality . Moreover, the low moisture absorption enables the longevity of components in demanding applications in humid surroundings, which would not be feasible for conventional ME‐AM materials .…”

Section: Unique Properties Of Pp For Me‐ammentioning

confidence: 99%

Material extrusion‐based additive manufacturing of polypropylene: A review on how to improve dimensional inaccuracy and warpage

Spoerk

Holzer

González-Gutiérrez

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

213

172

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Material extrusion-based additive manufacturing (ME-AM) is an emerging processing technique that is characterized by the selective deposition of thermoplastic filaments in a layer-by-layer manner based on digital part models. Recently, it has attracted considerable attention, as this technique offers manifold benefits over conventional manufacturing technologies. However, to meet the challenges of complex industrial applications, certain shortcomings of ME-AM still need to be overcome. A case in point is the limited amount of semicrystalline thermoplastics, which are still not established as reliable, commercial filament materials. Particularly, polypropylene (PP) offers attractive properties that are unique among the ME-AM material portfolio. This review describes the current approaches of fabricating PP components by ME-AM. Both commercial and scientific strategies to make PP 3D-printable are elaborated and compared. As dimensional issues are especially problematic for PP, a comprehensive section of this review focuses on the strategies developed for mitigating warpage for PP parts fabricated by ME-AM.

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Section: Unique Properties Of Pp For Me‐ammentioning

confidence: 99%

Material extrusion‐based additive manufacturing of polypropylene: A review on how to improve dimensional inaccuracy and warpage

Spoerk

Holzer

González-Gutiérrez

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

213

172

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An additional underestimated problem is insufficient or over-adhesion during processing, which can result in extensive warpage or even damaged parts [20,21]. In particular, special composites or blend materials can easily suffer from processing instabilities, such as clogging [22] and complex flow and temperature conditions [23], often due to high viscosities [24], nondried filaments [25], or overheated materials [26], which can lead to dimensional inaccuracies and other defects of the parts produced by FFF [27,28,29,30,31,32,33]. Consequently, plenty of expensive material is undesirably wasted until the final component can be successfully processed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Recyclability of Polypropylene Composites Produced by Material Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2019

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Due to a lack of long-term experience with burgeoning material extrusion-based additive manufacturing technology, also known as fused filament fabrication (FFF), considerable amounts of expensive material will continue to be wasted until a defect-free 3D-printed component can be finalized. In order to lead this advanced manufacturing technique toward cleaner production and to save costs, this study addresses the ability to remanufacture a wide range of commercially available filaments. Most of them either tend to degrade by chain scission or crosslinking. Only polypropylene (PP)-based filaments appear to be particularly thermally stable and therefore suitable for multiple remanufacturing sequences. As the extrusion step exerts the largest influence on the material in terms of temperature and shear load, this study focused on the morphological, rheological, thermal, processing, tensile, and impact properties of a promising PP composite in the course of multiple consecutive extrusions as well as the impact of additional heat stabilizers. Even after 15 consecutive filament extrusions, the stabilized additively manufactured PP composite revealed an unaltered morphology and therefore the same tensile and impact strength as the initial material. As the viscosity of the material of the 15th extrusion was nearly identical to that of the 1st extrusion sequence, the processability both in terms of extrusion and FFF was outstanding, despite the tremendous amount of shear and thermal stress that was undergone. The present work provides key insights into one possible step toward more sustainable production through FFF.

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“…The moisture content effect on the mechanical properties of PLA filament acts differently on ULTEM9085 filament as in Ref. [ 27 ]. The study in Ref.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study in Ref. [ 27 ] shows that the UTS and strain at fracture decrease as the moisture content increases. However, the experimental results of PLA filament specimens with more moisture content have higher UTS and strain at fracture.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of moisture in natural fibers creates voids and bulges in the fiber’s composition. A study by Zaldivar et al [ 27 ] evaluated the performance of several dogbone shape specimens made of ULTEM 9085 filament with different moisture content. The study showed a significant decrease in the strain at fracture and tensile strength as the moisture content increase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Raster Angle and Moisture Content on the Mechanical Properties of PLA Parts Produced by Fused Deposition Modeling

Algarni

2021

Polymers

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The additive manufacturing (AM) processes and technologies of 3D-printed materials and components using fused deposition modeling (FDM) are currently very popular and widely used for building parts and prototypes. Many manufacturing parameters can affect the strength and strain of the manufactured parts. The manufacturing parameters may be altered to reach an optimum setting for highly effective parts or components. This research studies the influence of the raster angle and the moisture content percentages on the mechanical properties of 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) material. The three raster angles tested in this research were 0°, 45°, and 90°. The moisture content of the PLA material was altered to verify its effect on the mechanical properties. Twenty-seven specimens were subjected to tensile tests to examine the effect of different manufacturing parameters. The results show the specimens with a 90° raster angle and 10% moisture content have the optimum strength and strain mechanical properties.

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Effect of initial filament moisture content on the microstructure and mechanical performance of ULTEM® 9085 3D printed parts

Cited by 56 publications

References 23 publications

Material extrusion‐based additive manufacturing of polypropylene: A review on how to improve dimensional inaccuracy and warpage

Material extrusion‐based additive manufacturing of polypropylene: A review on how to improve dimensional inaccuracy and warpage

Mechanical Recyclability of Polypropylene Composites Produced by Material Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing

The Influence of Raster Angle and Moisture Content on the Mechanical Properties of PLA Parts Produced by Fused Deposition Modeling

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