Effect of Inoculum Source on in Vitro Digestion of Deer Foods

Palmer, William; Cowan, Robert L.; Ammann, Alan P.

doi:10.2307/3800429

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…While Palmer et al (1976) did not establish any differences in DM digestibility by using white-tailed deer and cattle inoculum, Ru et al (2002) found that the substrates were generally better (p < 0.05) digested in inoculum obtained from red deer. They claimed that if the samples are incubated under the same conditions and the same diet was fed to animals before the rumen fluid was obtained then the differences in rumen digestibility are influenced only from differences in bacterial activity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The Tilley and Terry (1963) two-stage method for estimation of DM digestibility was used by Palmer et al (1976) and Ru et al (2002) to compare DM digestibility using inoculum from white-tailed deer, red deer and cattle. While Palmer et al (1976) did not establish any differences in DM digestibility by using white-tailed deer and cattle inoculum, Ru et al (2002) found that the substrates were generally better (p < 0.05) digested in inoculum obtained from red deer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, the nutritive value of feeds determined in sheep is used as guideline despite the fact that the ultimate arbitrator of the nutritive value of any feed is the host animal (Hervás et al, 2004;Ru et al, 2002). The use of domestic ruminants rather than deer greatly facilitates the in vitro digestion technique in that it eliminates problems associated with the deer as living rumen fluid donor or the necessity of sacrificing an animal (Palmer et al, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences between sheep and red deer in in vitro apparent and true digestibility of commonly used red deer feeds

Lavrenčič

Veternik²

2018

AAS

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Differences between sheep and red deer in in vitro apparent and true digestibility of commonly used red deer feedsThe nutritive value of red deer feeds is frequently determined by sheep despite the ultimate arbitrator of the nutritive value of any feed is the host animal. The objective of the trial was to determine the influence of rumen fluid donor (sheep vs red deer) on in vitro dry matter (DMD), neutral-detergent fibre (NDFD) and true digestibility (ivTD) of eleven substrata, naturally occurring in Slovenian forests (chestnut fruits, acorns of common and sessile oak, two fresh grasses) and those frequently used in supplemental red deer feeding (two grass hays and two grass silages, apple pomace and sugar beet roots). Only the fresh grass from Jelendol had greater (p < 0.05) DMD (646 vs 508 g/kg) when incubated in red deer inoculum. The NDFD and ivTD were always numerically greater when substrates were incubated in red deer inocula, however the NDFD and ivTD were significantly greater (p < 0.05) only when fresh grass from Jelendol (590 vs 343 g/kg and 801 vs 681 g/kg, respectively), grass silage from Kokra (541 vs 359 g/kg and 742 vs 639 g/kg, respectively) and apple pomace (428 vs 328 g/kg and 704 vs 653 g/kg, respectively) were incubated in the inoculum prepared from red deer rumen contents. These results indicate that rumen fluid from sheep can be used to predict in vitro digestibility in red deer and that these parameters can be used in the formulation of deer diets.Key words: animal nutrition; red deer; sheep; rumen; feed evaluation; in vitro digestibility; supplementary feeding Razlike med ovcami in navadnimi jeleni v in vitro navidezni in pravi razgradljivosti v prehrani navadnega jelena običajno uporabljene krme in krmil Hranilno vrednost krme in krmil, namenjeno prehrani navadnega jelena, pogosto ocenjujemo s pomočjo ovc, čeprav je edini pokazatelj hranilne vrednosti katerega koli krmila lahko samo žival, ki ji je krmilo namenjeno. Namen pričujoče raziskave je bil ugotoviti, kako vrsta vampovega soka (ovce vs navadni jelen) vpliva na in vitro razgradljivost suhe snovi (DMD) in v nevtralnem detergentu netopne vlaknine (NDFD) ter na in vitro pravo prebavljivost suhe snovi (ivTD) enajstih krmil, ki jih imajo na razpolago navadni jeleni v slovenskih gozdovih (plodovi kostanja in gradna ter želod in dva vzorca sveže trave) in krmila, ki jih pogosto uporabljamo pri njihovem zimskem dokrmljevanju (po dva vzorca mrve in travne silaže, jabolčne tropine in koreni sladkorne pese). Sveža trava iz Jelendola je imela večjo (p < 0,05) DMD (646 vs 508 g/kg), če smo jo inkubirali v inokulumu, pripravljenem iz jelenovega vampovega soka. NDFD in ivTD sta bila vedno numerično večji ob inkubaciji krmil v inokulumu, pripravljenem iz vampovega soka navadnega jelena, vendar so bile vrednosti značilno večje (p < 0,05) le pri inkubaciji sveže trave iz Jelendola (NDFD: 590 vs 343 g/kg in ivTD: 801 vs 681 g/kg), travne silaže iz Kokre (NDFD: 541 vs 359 g/kg in ivTD: 428 vs 328 g/kg) in jabolč-nih tropin (NDFD: 742 vs 639 g/kg in...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences between sheep and red deer in in vitro apparent and true digestibility of commonly used red deer feeds

Lavrenčič

Veternik²

2018

AAS

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“…I used rumen inoculum from a cow rather than from a caribou because in several studies of digestibilities of forages utilized by wild herbivores, the use of a domestic ruminant as the inoculum source had given very reliable results (Palmer et al., 1976;Palmer and Cowan, 1980;Welch et al, 1983;Brooks and Urness, 1984;Crawford and Hankinson, 1984). A single domestic inoculum source also reduces the variability of the rumen fluid caused by the use of several donors feeding on different diets (Clary et al, 1988;Pehrson and Faber, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Digestibilities of Summer Forages Utilized by the Rivière George Caribou Herd

Côté¹

1998

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. The Rivière George caribou herd (northern Québec-Labrador, Canada) is thought to be regulated by forage limitations in its summer range. In such a situation, digestibilities of plants may strongly affect the diet choice and physical condition of animals. In vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) of the most important summer forages of the Rivière George caribou herd was determined during fermentation periods of 12, 24, and 48 h using rumen fluid collected from a Holstein cow. IVDMD values for Cyperaceae (Eriophorum angustifolium and Carex rariflora), and shrubs (Betula glandulosa and Vaccinium uliginosum) collected in July and August were higher for long fermentation periods (48 h) than for shorter ones (12 and 24 h). Plants collected in early summer were also more digestible than those collected in late summer. Contrary to my prediction, both Cyperaceae were more digestible than the two shrubs in mid-July. However, no difference occurred in early August. The fermentation period did not affect the IVDMD of lichens; maximum digestibility was attained after 12 h. Alectoria ochroleuca and Cetraria spp. were more digestible than Cladina rangiferina, Cladina stellaris, and Stereocaulon paschale, likely because of their lower fibre content. These results suggest that the preference of caribou for Cladina spp. is not based on digestibility, but probably on the fact that these species are abundant in the Rivière George area. Variations in IVDMD seem to be explained by plant phenology, because longer fermentation periods were necessary to attain a high level of digestibility as summer progressed. Plant digestibility alone cannot explain caribou summer diet. Other variables such as plant constituents (e.g., protein) and relative abundance must also be considered.Key words: caribou, Cyperaceae, digestibility, fermentation, foraging ecology, in vitro, lichens, nutrition, Québec, Rangifer tarandus RÉSUMÉ. Il a été suggéré que l'abondance du troupeau de caribous de la rivière George (Québec nordique-Labrador, au Canada) était régulée par la disponibilité de nourriture dans les habitats d'été. Dans un tel système, la digestibilité des plantes peut affecter de façon importante le régime alimentaire et la condition physique des animaux. La disparition in vitro de la matière sèche (DIVMS) des principales espèces végétales composant la nourriture estivale des caribous de la rivière George a été déterminée durant des périodes de fermentation de 12, 24 et 48 heures, à l'aide de jus de rumen provenant d'une vache Holstein. Les valeurs de DIVMS des cypéracées (Eriophorum angustifolium et Carex rariflora) et des arbustes (Betula glandulosa et Vaccinium uliginosum) récoltés en juillet et août étaient plus élevées pour de longues périodes de fermentation (48 heures) que pour de courtes périodes (12 et 24 heures). Les plantes récoltées tôt durant l'été étaient aussi plus digestes que celles récoltées tard. Contrairement aux prédictions, les deux espèces de cypéracées étaient plus digestes que les deux espèces d'arbustes à la mi-...

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“…Red deer are consuming a variety of feeds ranging from highly digestible leafy vegetation, fruits and seeds (mast and acorns) to browse of low nutritive value. For a proper management of red deer populations in their ranges, the nutritive value of red deer feeds must be evaluated (Palmer & Cowan, ; Palmer, Cowan, & Ammann, ). This is especially important for feeds used for supplementary feeding during winter (Palmer & Cowan, ) and when red deer are reared in an intensive management system (Snider & Asplund, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas and short‐chain fatty acid production from feeds commonly fed to red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) and incubated with rumen inoculum from red deer and sheep

Lavrenčič

Veternik²

2018

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Efficient red deer supplementary feeding depends on estimations of the nutritive value of offered feeds, frequently estimated with the use of equations derived from domestic ruminants. The aim of this study was to compare the 24-hour in vitro true dry matter degradability (ivTD ), in vitro gas production (GP) kinetic parameters, GP in 24 hr of incubation (GAS ) and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and microbial biomass (MBS) produced after 24-hour incubation of feeds in inoculum prepared from sheep and red deer rumen fluid. Eleven feeds, frequently consumed by red deer in Slovenia, which occur either naturally (two fresh grasses, chestnut fruits and common and sessile oak acorns) or are fed as winter supplemental feeds (two grass hays, two grass silages, apple pomace, fresh sugar beetroot), were investigated. The in vitro GP kinetic parameters, GAS and ivTD , did not differ between animal species. Amounts of SCFAs were greater (p < 0.05) when feeds were incubated in sheep inoculum, while molar proportions of acetic and propionic acids did not differ. Molar proportions of butyric acid produced during incubation of high fibre feeds did not differ between animal species, but were higher (p < 0.05) when feeds high in starch or sugar were incubated in red deer inoculum. Greater production of SCFA by sheep rumen microbes suggests better coverage of host animal with energy precursors, while greater production of MBS by red deer rumen microbes suggests better coverage of host animal with protein. Results also suggest that rumens of sheep and red deer are inhabited by different microbial communities, which did not affect the extent of in vitro GP and degradation of feeds used in the present experiment. However, the possibility exists that the divergent nutrient use could be a consequence of different priming by different feeds of the donor animal diets.

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Effect of Inoculum Source on in Vitro Digestion of Deer Foods

Cited by 37 publications

References 15 publications

Differences between sheep and red deer in in vitro apparent and true digestibility of commonly used red deer feeds

Differences between sheep and red deer in in vitro apparent and true digestibility of commonly used red deer feeds

In Vitro Digestibilities of Summer Forages Utilized by the Rivière George Caribou Herd

Gas and short‐chain fatty acid production from feeds commonly fed to red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) and incubated with rumen inoculum from red deer and sheep

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