Effect of inorganic and organic manganese supplementation on the performance and tissue manganese content of broiler chicks

Abstract

The effects of dietary levels of manganese (Mn) in inorganic (MnO) and organic (Mn fumarate) forms were evaluated on cockerel chicks. A basal cornsoybean diet with 23 mg/kg Mn was supplemented with levels of 0, 30, 60 and 240 ppm Mn from both Mn sources. Each treatment was replicated in five pens of 10 chicks. The chicks were fed diets ad libitum from 14 to 49 days of age, after which five birds per treatment were sacrificed for pathomorphological examinations and analysis. The treatments did not exert significant effects on the body weight (BW), the feed/gain (F/G) ratio or the mortality rate. According to the necropsy findings, no growth retardation or emaciation occurred in either of the groups and the differences in the average absolute and relative organ weights were not significant (P > 0.05). Tissue analysis indicated that the tibia showed the greatest response to Mn, followed by the liver and kidney. Accumulation in the tibia was higher (P < 0.05) with supplements of 30, 60 and 240 mg/kg from both Mn sources (3.71, 3.78, 4.44, and 3.68, 4.00, 4.36 mg/kg DM, MnO and Mn fumarate, respectively) compared to the control group (3.21 mg/kg). Accumulation in the liver increased significantly (P < 0.05) only with supplements of 60 and 240 ppm independently of the Mn source (12.7, 14.2, and 14.0, 14.9 mg/kg, respectively) compared to the control (9.8 mg/kg). Similarly, kidney tissue Mn was higher (P < 0.05) only with supplements of 60 and 240 ppm (12.8, 12.8, and 13.1, 12.5 mg/kg, respectively) compared to the control (10.2 mg/kg). At the same level of supplementation of the two Mn sources there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between the Mn concentrations of organs and tissues. Droppings sensitively reflected the intake, whereas blood plasma and feathers showed only the extreme Mn loading.

Effect of Supplemental Inorganic Zn and Mn and their Interactions on the Performance of Broiler Chicken, Mineral Bioavailability, and Immune Response

“…The accumulation of trace minerals (Zn and Mn) in tibia has been accepted by several researchers as an indicator of their bioavailability [7,18,19]. In the current study, as expected, the retention of Zn and Mn in tibia was directly related to their levels of inclusion in the diets, which was in conformity with the findings of Huang et al [7] and Sunder et al [20].…”

“…Perhaps the same analogy was applicable in our study with higher levels of Zn and Mn, which depressed Cu accumulation in liver. We also observed that the relative uptake of Zn and Mn by tibia was higher than liver tissue, indicating that the tibia was more responsive to mineral accumulation than liver [19]. This could be the possible reason for lower mineral concentration in liver compared to bone tissue.…”

“…Henry et al [22] and Sandoval et al [23] also reported a linear accumulation of Zn in bone and liver tissues when chicks were offered Zn from 0 to 1,500 ppm, indicating that retention of mineral was dose-dependent, which was also seen in our experiment. Mn concentration in diet influenced its own uptake by liver tissue [19] and that of Zn, but reduced Cu retention. Pang and Applegate [24] observed that excess Cu (250 ppm) inclusion in diets decreased the soluble Zn in duodenum and jejunum by limiting the formation of small complexes of Zn (<5,000 MW) and reducing the scope of Zn absorption.…”

Effects of dietary manganese sources and levels on growth performance, relative manganese bioavailability, antioxidant activities and tissue mineral content of juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadumL)

“…This may be attributed to the fact that Mn‐S is more easily released manganese ions that interact with other dietary components and organic manganese are generally less sensitive to the inhibitory action of other compounds and preventing its conversion into insoluble chemical compounds in the intestine. Berta, Andrásofszky, Bersenyi, Glavits, Gaspardy and Fekete () also found that when broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with manganese at 7 weeks, the body weight of birds fed the inorganic manganese was lower than that of the birds fed the organic manganese, even in cases where dietary Mn from inorganic manganese was far higher than organic manganese. Juvenile cobia fed higher dietary Mn levels more than the requirement did not significantly reduce the growth performance, indicating that fish can be tolerated to a greater extent on manganese toxicity.…”

“…Berta et al . () found that when broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with manganese at levels of 240 mg Mn kg −1 , the Mn concentrations in kidney and tibial of broiler chicks fed inorganic manganese were higher than organic manganese, whereas the opposite in liver was observed. Li et al .…”