Effect of Inorganic Salt Solutions on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bentonite Based Liner

Rout, Suryaleen; Singh, Suresh Prasad

doi:10.1061/(asce)hz.2153-5515.0000553

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…4 ), ascribed to charge shielding effects of Na + , reducing negative repulsions (Fig. 3 D) and increasing cohesive interactions, as previously reported 50 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Sustainable biopolymer soil stabilization in saline rich, arid conditions: a ‘micro to macro’ approach

Armistead

Smith

Staniland

2022

Sci Rep

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Water scarcity in semi-arid/arid regions is driving the use of salt water in mining operations. A consequence of this shift, is the potentially unheeded effect upon Mine Tailing (MT) management. With existing stabilization/solidification methodologies exhibiting vulnerability to MT toxicity and salinity effects, it is essential to explore the scope for more environmentally durable sustainable alternatives under these conditions. Within this study we investigate the effects of salinity (NaCl, 0–2.5 M) and temperatures associated with arid regions (25 °C, 40 °C), on Locust Bean Gum (LB) biopolymer stabilization of MT exemplar and sand (control) soil systems. A cross-disciplinary ‘micro to macro’ pipeline is employed, from a Membrane Enabled Bio-mineral Affinity Screen (MEBAS), to Mineral Binding Characterisation (MBC), leading finally to Geotechnical Verification (GV). As predicted by higher Fe2O3 LB binding affinity in saline in the MEBAS studies, LB with 1.25 M NaCl, results in the greatest soil strength in the MT exemplar after 7 days of curing at 40 °C. Under these most challenging conditions for other soil strengthening systems, an overall UCS peak of 5033 kPa is achieved. MBC shows the critical and direct relationship between Fe2O3-LB in saltwater to be ‘high-affinity’ at the molecular level and ‘high-strength’ achieved at the geotechnical level. This is attributed to biopolymer binding group’s increased availability, with their ‘salting-in’ as NaCl concentrations rises to 1.25 M and then ‘salting-out’ at higher concentrations. This study highlights the potential of biopolymers as robust, sustainable, soil stabilization additives in challenging environments.

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“…4 ), ascribed to charge shielding effects of Na + , reducing negative repulsions (Fig. 3 D) and increasing cohesive interactions, as previously reported 50 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Sustainable biopolymer soil stabilization in saline rich, arid conditions: a ‘micro to macro’ approach

Armistead

Smith

Staniland

2022

Sci Rep

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“…When 1.25 M of salt are added, for both temperatures (T25, T40), small increases in UCS (30-215 kPa) are seen (Figure 5), ascribed to charge shielding effects of Na + , reducing negative repulsions (Figure 3D) and increasing cohesive interactions, as previously reported. 37 The salt series for all systems, with the exception of C LB (T25), displayed a trend of increasing (2956 kPa). For the MT series, MEBAS and MBC points to the strong affinity between the Fe surface and LB which is improved with salinity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Sustainable Biopolymer Soil Stabilization in Saline Rich, Arid Conditions – A ‘Micro to Macro’ Approach.

Armistead

Smith

Staniland

2021

Preprint

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Water scarcity in semi-arid/arid regions is driving the use of salt water in mining operations. A consequence of this shift, is the potentially unheeded effect upon Mine Tailing (MT) management. With existing stabilization/solidification methodologies exhibiting vulnerability to MT toxicity and salinity effects, it is essential to explore the scope for more environmentally durable sustainable alternatives under these conditions. Within this study we investigate the effects of salinity (NaCl, 0-2.5 M) and temperatures associated with arid regions (25 , 40), on Locust Bean Gum (LB) biopolymer stabilization of MT exemplar and sand (control) soil systems. A cross-disciplinary ‘micro to macro’ pipeline is employed, from a Membrane Enabled Bio-mineral Affinity Screen (MEBAS), to Mineral Binding Characterisation (MBC), leading finally to Geotechnical Verification (GV). As predicted by higher Fe2O3 LB binding affinity in the MEBAS studies, LB with 1.25M NaCl, results in the greatest soil strength in the MT exemplar after 7 days of curing at 40 °C. Under these most challenging conditions for other soil strengthening systems, an overall UCS peak of 5033 kPa is achieved. MBC shows the critical and direct relationship between Fe2O3 LB ‘high-affinity’ at the molecular level and ‘high-strength’ achieved at the geotechnical level. This is attributed to biopolymer binding group’s increased availability, with their ‘salting-in’ as NaCl concentrations rises to 1.25M and then ‘salting-out’ at higher concentrations. This study highlights the potential of biopolymers as robust, sustainable, soil stabilization additives in challenging environments.

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“…However, hydrating the bentonite layer in GCL causes the bentonite to swell and self-heal meaning that it forms a continuous mat of bentonite in contrast to an unsaturated bentonite layer which may have "holes" where the leachate can flow out of the site. Lee and Shackelford (2005) found that CaCl 2 at concentration of less than 50 mM has no effect on the hydraulic conductivity of GCL, and Rout and Singh (2020) found that polyvalent cations have more impact than those of monovalent cations. The concentration of 1000 ppm sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution is 13.4 mM and gives a monovalent cation.…”

Section: Proposed Construction Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of mass burial sites for safe and dignified disposal of pandemic fatalities

Leong

Abuel-Naga

Goli

et al. 2021

Environmental Geotechnics

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The huge number of fatalities due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has imposed an unprecedented pressure on existing burial facilities. Thus, mass burial is being used in different parts of the world to cope with this unusual situation. As a dead body might be contagious for at least hours, if not days, there is a need to manage/design/construct the mass burial considering the safe handling of coffins and other environmental, social, economical and ethical/dignity aspects. However, the guidelines of the World Health Organization do not thoroughly address the potential risk associated with groundwater pollution due to mass burial construction. Hence, the present study discusses the potential risk of groundwater pollution in mass burial sites and sheds light on the factors that control the survival/retention of bacteria and viruses in porous media. Furthermore, using the available knowledge on designing/monitoring of municipal/industrial waste disposal sites, a cost-effective and simple construction method of mass burial is proposed to mitigate its potential environmental impact.

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Effect of Inorganic Salt Solutions on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bentonite Based Liner

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Sustainable biopolymer soil stabilization in saline rich, arid conditions: a ‘micro to macro’ approach

Sustainable biopolymer soil stabilization in saline rich, arid conditions: a ‘micro to macro’ approach

Sustainable Biopolymer Soil Stabilization in Saline Rich, Arid Conditions – A ‘Micro to Macro’ Approach.

Design of mass burial sites for safe and dignified disposal of pandemic fatalities

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