Effect of Insecticide Resistance on Development, Longevity and Reproduction of Field or Laboratory Selected Aedes aegypti Populations

Abstract

Aedes aegypti dispersion is the major reason for the increase in dengue transmission in South America. In Brazil, control of this mosquito strongly relies on the use of pyrethroids and organophosphates against adults and larvae, respectively. In consequence, many Ae. aegypti field populations are resistant to these compounds. Resistance has a significant adaptive value in the presence of insecticide treatment. However some selected mechanisms can influence important biological processes, leading to a high fitness cost in the absence of insecticide pressure. We investigated the dynamics of insecticide resistance and its potential fitness cost in five field populations and in a lineage selected for deltamethrin resistance in the laboratory, for nine generations. For all populations the life-trait parameters investigated were larval development, sex ratio, adult longevity, relative amount of ingested blood, rate of ovipositing females, size of egglaying and eggs viability. In the five natural populations, the effects on the life-trait parameters were discrete but directly proportional to resistance level. In addition, several viability parameters were strongly affected in the laboratory selected population compared to its unselected control. Our results suggest that mechanisms selected for organophosphate and pyrethroid resistance caused the accumulation of alleles with negative effects on different life-traits and corroborate the hypothesis that insecticide resistance is associated with a high fitness cost.

Variation in biological parameters of cypermethrin resistant and susceptible strains of <em>Helicoverpa armigera</em> from Benin Republic, West Africa

“…Insecticide resistance, in several cases, has induced resistance fitness costs to most of the resistant individuals (Martins et al, 2012;Fang et al, 2011;Paris et al, 2011;Roy et al, 2010;Rivero et al, 2010;Djogbénou et al, 2010;Miller et al, 2009;Gassmann et al, 2009;Araujo et al, 2008;Ellison, 2007;Bourguet et al, 2004;Guillemaud et al, 2003;Foster et al, 2003;Berticat et al, 2002;Xiaoxia et al, 2001;Boivin et al, 2001;Haubruge and Arnaud, 2001;Carrière et al, 2001;Gazave et al, 2001;Oppert et al, 2000). In Benin republic, our previous studies suggested that H. armigera resistance to pyrethroids was associated with fitness cost (Djihinto et al, 2009).…”

“…A lot of cases of resistance were correlated with decrease production of eggs, and then, the resistance was costly (Martins et al, 2012;Fang et al, 2011;Paris et al, 2011;Roy et al, 2010;Xiaoxia et al, 2001). Xiaoxia et al (2001) have evaluated the effects of monocrotophos resistance on fitness of cotton bollworm, H. armigera in terms of fecundity or number of eggs laid per female of resistant and susceptible strains.…”

“…The majority of biological parameters of resistant and susceptible strains studies show that there are costs associated with insecticide resistance (Martins et al, 2012;Fang et al, 2011;Paris et al, 2011;Roy et al, 2010;Djogbénou et al, 2010;Gassmann et al, 2009;Ellison, 2007;Xiaoxia et al, 2001). In some cases, there is no difference between resistant and susceptible strains, and the resistant strain sometimes is advantaged (Bielza et al, 2008;Arnaud et al, 2002).…”

“…Comparison of biological parameters such as fecundity, fertility, development time and insect survival of susceptible and resistant strains is one of the methods which can be used to assess the cost when resistance was costly (Martins et al, 2012;Fang et al, 2011;Paris et al, 2011;Roy et al, 2010;Djogbénou et al, 2010;Gassmann et al, 2009;Ellison, 2007;Bourguet et al, 2004;Xiaoxia et al, 2001;Boivin et al, 2001;Haubruge and Arnaud, 2001;Carrière et al, 2001;Gazave et al, 2001;Oppert et al, 2000). In the objective to assess the costs of cypermethrin resistance of Helicoverpa armigera in Benin Republic, we compare the biological parameters of resistant and susceptible strains.…”

An optimal control model of mosquito reduction management in a dengue endemic region

“…In the prescribed range of lifetime, each larva undergoes four times skin exfoliation and turns to a pupa at the very end of the processes. An idle pupa needs to wait for 1-5 days before it metamorphoses into an adult [16]. In addition, the living adult can generally survive for 10 days, or in some extreme cases for 2-4 weeks [23].…”