Effect of insulation thickness on pressure evolution and thermal stratification in a cryogenic tank

Joseph, Jeswin; Agrawal, G.S.; Agarwal, Deepak; Pisharady, J C; Kumar, Sandeep

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.07.015

Cited by 61 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…If the warmer stratified layers enter the rocket propellant feed system, pump cavitation can occur, which could potentially destroy the rocket [35]. Additionally, as this stratified mass is unusable as fuel, it becomes a liability to the payload capacity of the rocket [36]. The impact of boil-off limitations on future long-term Mars missions is described in detail by Schaffer [37], who found that the payload weight of the cryogenic propulsion stages is considerably influenced by the boil-off rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of Liquid Hydrogen Boil-Off

et al. 2022

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A model has been developed and implemented in the software package BoilFAST that allows for reliable calculations of the self-pressurization and boil-off losses for liquid hydrogen in different tank geometries and thermal insulation systems. The model accounts for the heat transfer from the vapor to the liquid phase, incorporates realistic heat transfer mechanisms, and uses reference equations of state to calculate thermodynamic properties. The model is validated by testing against a variety of scenarios using multiple sets of industrially relevant data for liquid hydrogen (LH2), including self-pressurization and densification data obtained from an LH2 storage tank at NASA’s Kennedy Space Centre. The model exhibits excellent agreement with experimental and industrial data across a range of simulated conditions, including zero boil-off in microgravity environments, self-pressurization of a stored mass of LH2, and boil-off from a previously pressurized tank as it is being relieved of vapor.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of Liquid Hydrogen Boil-Off

et al. 2022

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“…In the case shown in Figure 3b, the fluid dynamic behavior inside the tank is considered. A stable isothermal distribution exists in the lower part of the liquid state; however, a thermal stratification section appears due to the temperature difference in the upper part, and convection occurs owing to the temperature difference [37][38][39]. The vapor space in the tank rises upwards, the evaporation continues, and the density increases, in a process known as weathering [4,40].…”

Section: Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Prediction of the Boil-Off Rate of Independent-Type Storage Tanks

Lee

Cha²,

Kim

et al. 2021

JMSE

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Because environmentally-friendly fuels such as natural gas and hydrogen are primarily stored in the form of cryogenic liquids to enable efficient transportation, the demand for cryogenic fuel (LNG, LH) ships has been increasing as the primary carriers of environmentally-friendly fuels. In such ships, insulation systems must be used to prevent heat inflow to the tank to suppress the generation of boil-off gas (BOG). The presence of BOG can lead to an increased internal pressure, and thus, its control and prediction are key aspects in the design of fuel tanks. In this regard, although the thermal analysis of the phase change through a finite element analysis requires less computational time than that implemented through computational fluid dynamics, the former is relatively more error-prone. Therefore, in this study, a cryogenic fuel tank to be incorporated in ships was established, and the boil-off rate (BOR), measured considering liquid nitrogen, was compared with that obtained using the finite element method. Insulation material with a cubic structure was applied to the cylindrical tank to increase the insulation performance and space efficiency. To predict the BOR through finite element analysis, the effective thermal conductivity was calculated through an empirical correlation and applied to the designed fuel tank. The calculation was predicted to within 1% of the minimum error, and the internal fluid behavior was evaluated by analyzing the vertical temperature profile according to the filling ratio.

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“…Results show that this insulating system is suitable to insulate tanks of temperatures of 4K to 400K under extreme ambient exposure conditions. A thermodynamic model was developed by Joseph et al (2017) to understand the influence of the thickness of the foam insulation material on the development of the liquefied thermal stratification of the liquefied pressurized tank.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Thermal Insulation Performance of Perlite Expanded Particles

Yahya

Amori

2021

IQJMME

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The aim of this work is to test the effectiveness of new thermal insulation material formed from semi-spherical Perlite expanded particles for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) tanks. Five different samples of semi-spherical particles of (68.8, 90.4, 300.5, 1211000, 1861000) *10-9 m diameter are used as a new thermal insulating material in this work. To simulate the LPG tank wall, a stainless-steel plate of a thickness (3mm) is coated with this material and subjected to a resistive type flat plate heater. The thermal insulation coating thickness was (0.5mm to 2mm). This plate is subjected to different power loads namely (650, 1260 W/m2). Results show that increasing the insulation expanded particle size increases the difference in temperatures on both sides of the insulation layer. The first three sizes of the insulation material reported a temperature difference at both sides of the coating layer is about 18 oC, while that for the fourth and fifth size are 20 oC and 25 oC respectively since larger expanded particles size has higher air content that enables them to reduce and delay heat transfer. The thermal conductivity of coated thermal insulation with large Perlite particle size is (0.25 W/m.K), while that for small size is (0.42 W/m.K). The previously reported thermal conductivity for Silica granules is less than 0.4 W/(m.K)for insulation thickness of (50 mm), while that for binderless cotton stalk fiberboard (BCSF) is ranged from 0.0585 to 0.0815 W/m K for board thickness 25mm. The indicated thermal conductivity for coconut husk and bagasse insulation boards is 0.046 and 0.068 W/mK for board thickness 25mm. So utilizing Perlite expanded particles as an insulation material is superior since it is a slim layer not exceeded 2 mm.

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Effect of insulation thickness on pressure evolution and thermal stratification in a cryogenic tank

Cited by 61 publications

References 20 publications

Modelling of Liquid Hydrogen Boil-Off

Modelling of Liquid Hydrogen Boil-Off

Practical Prediction of the Boil-Off Rate of Independent-Type Storage Tanks

Evaluation of Thermal Insulation Performance of Perlite Expanded Particles

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