Effect of Insulin and Oral Glutathione on Glutathione Levels and Superoxide Dismutase Activities in Organs of Rats With Streptozocin-Induced Diabetes

Abstract

The effect of insulin or glutathione treatment on glutathione content of liver and jejunal mucosa and on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of liver, kidney, and erythrocytes was investigated in pair-fed animals with streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Diabetes lowered hepatic glutathione concentration, but glutathione concentration of the jejunal mucosa was not affected. Insulin, but not oral glutathione, restored hepatic glutathione concentration to normal levels. Diabetes depressed activity of the cytosolic form of SOD in liver, kidney, and erythrocyte. Treatment of diabetic rats with oral glutathione or intramuscular insulin increased cytosolic SOD activity of renal cortex and liver (but not erythrocytes) to control levels. These results suggest a link between glutathione metabolism and cytosolic SOD activity in diabetes.

Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidative potential of Prosopis cineraria bark

“…In our study, the level of hepatic, pancreatic and renal GSH was reduced in diabetic mice, which is consistent with an earlier report (43). The decrease in tissue's GSH content could be the result of decreased synthesis or increased degradation of GSH by oxidative stress that prevails during diabetes (44). Furthermore, lipid peroxidation is one of the characteristic features of chronic diabetes (45).…”

Protective effect of Asystasia gangetica reduced oxidative damage in the small intestine of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

“…Decreased intestinal GSH level in diabetic rats could be the result of either decreased synthesis or increased destruction of GSH by oxidative damage (Loven et al, 1986). In our study treatment with AGLE and glibenclamide resulted in the increase of GSH and this may be due to either increased biosynthesis of GSH or reduced oxidative stress or both.…”

Antioxidant Status of Liver and Kidney Homogenates from Hyperglycemic Rats Administered with Single and Combinatorial Herbal Formulations

“…Reports have shown that ethanolic extract of Sphaeranthus indicus exhibited protective effect against lipid peroxidation and normalized repressed SOD, CAT, glutathione S-transferase activities in gentamicin induced nephrotoxic rats. 22 In the same vein, previous reports showed that S-IDR treated with exogenous SOD and GSH ratio exhibited improved antioxidant enzymes activities 1,24 which implied amelioration of tissue oxidative stress.…”

“…Another study, 24 posited that decreased Cu-Zn SOD activity observed in DM was sequel to the inactivation of the enzyme as a result of absence or failure to metabolize hydrogen peroxide via GPOx pathway. The decreased levels of renal and hepatic SOD activity of HyGR showed evidence of restoration of the enzyme activity that were comparable to NORM rats following the administration of the various experimental herbal formulations ( Figure 2).…”