Effect of integrated control practices on the onion white rot pathogen in organic soil

Banks, Eugenia; Edgington, L. V.

doi:10.1080/07060668909501111

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Since its discovery at the Holland-Bradford Marsh, ON, Canada (Banks & Edgington, 1989), no effective method of disease management has been established. Current disease management recommendations for fields with high levels of infestation include flooding for at least 2 weeks (Anonymous, 1994), and crop rotation with vegetables that are not susceptible to white rot, such as carrots and celery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycelial compatibility groups in Sclerotium cepivorum

Earnshaw

Boland

1997

Plant Pathology

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Isolates of Sclerotium cepivorum from the Holland-Bradford Marsh, Ontario, Canada (n ¼ 146) and other locations (n ¼ 23) were evaluated for mycelial compatibility in agar culture and by transmitted light microscopy. In compatible interactions, hyphae of paired colonies anastomosed without cell deterioration or death at the point of fusion. In some incompatible interactions, hyphae of paired colonies were initially similar to those of compatible interactions but were later followed by deterioration or death of the fused cells. Incompatible interactions were associated with a red-brown colour that, in mass, produced a dark line at the junction of the two colonies. In other incompatible interactions, hyphae were observed to bypass or repel each other without fusing. Compatible and incompatible reactions were used to define nine mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs) among the isolates examined. Among isolates from Ontario, no incompatibility responses were observed among isolates from individual fields (e.g. no intrafield variability) but two MCGs were found among isolates from different fields (e.g. interfield variability). Among isolates from other regions, seven additional MCGs were detected that consisted of one to eight isolates. Two isolates were variable in reaction and were not assigned to any MCG. Three isolates from Switzerland were compatible with MCG-1 isolates from Ontario; and one isolate from Switzerland, two from England, two from New Zealand, and two from Australia were all intercompatible. The results establish that mycelial compatibility can be used to reflect genetic heterogeneity among isolates of S. cepivorum.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycelial compatibility groups in Sclerotium cepivorum

Earnshaw

Boland

1997

Plant Pathology

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“…The flooding effect is probably caused by a combination of factors. Decrease of fungal activity in flooded soil has been attributed to a depletion of available oxygen, production of a fungicidal substance or the increase of competitive microorganisms in soil (Sonku and Kita, 1979;Banks and Edgington, 1989;Nakagawa et al, 1992). Most of the sclerotia recovered from the soil after being submerged in the flooded soil were soft and readily disintegrated during the process of sampling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Flooding of soils has been recognized for the control of white rot of onions (Banks and Edgington, 1989) in Canada and for soil-borne diseases of onions (Tanaka, unpublished) in Saga Prefecture, Japan. It was hypothesized that a reduction in sclerotial survival under flooded conditions was associated with invasion and colonization by anaerobic bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of flooding on the viability and pathogenicity of sclerotia ofSclerotium rolfsiiin Malaysian soil∗

Meon

Tanaka

1995

International Journal of Pest Management

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Sclerotial viability of Sclerotium rolfsii, the seedling blight and collar rot pathogen of chilli, decreased rapidly with time of submerging in flooded field soil. Viability was reduced to 10% 9 days after submerging. No reduction was observed in sclerotia submerged in non-sterilized tap water. Loss of viability resulted in complete loss of pathogenicity. Nongerminated sclerotia became soft and broke easily. Maceration of cortical cells was common. A bacteria-like organism was consistently associated with the ruptured and macerated sclerotia. In glasshouse studies, soil flooded at a high temperature decreased the viability of the sclerotia; this was reflected in a reduced incidence of seedling blight and collar rot on chilli seedlings. The incidence of seedling blight was recorded as 43-7% in the non-flooded soil, 10.2% in flooded soil and 12.3% in the planter that had received an application of Brassicol. However, incidence of collar rot was 25.3% and 28.1 % in the flooded and fungicide-amended soils respectively and 58.1% in the non-flooded pots. It is concluded that satisfactory control of seedling blight and collar rot of chilli can be achieved by flooding.

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“…Various control methods have been examined for the control of the disease including chemical, biological and physical measures such as soil fumigants (Entwistle 1990), fungicide application (Abd El-onion and other vegetable wastes (Coventry et al 2005), crop rotation with non-host crops (Banks and Edgington 1989), plant extracts (Pinto et al 1998;Montes-Belmont and Prados-Ligero 2006), biological control agents (Abd El-Moity and Shatla 1981; Reddy et al 1992;Kay and Stewart 1994;Metcalf and Wilson 2001;Clarkson et al 2002Clarkson et al , 2006 and application of diallyl disulphide (DADS) to stimulate sclerotial germination in the absence of a host (ColeySmith and Parfitt 1986;Hovius and McDonald 2002). Chemical fungicides are still the principal strategy used effectively for the disease control (ColeySmith 1990;Fullerton et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency assessment of the antifungal metabolites from Sclerotium cepivorum against onion white rot disease

et al. 2015

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The inhibitory effects of secondary metabolites of Sclerotium cepivorum against itself were studied both in vitro and in vivo. The highest inhibition of fungal growth and a 98.6 % reduction in the number of sclerotia was obtained with 50 % culture filtrate. No sclerotial germination was observed on media amended with culture filtrates at 10, 25 and 50 %. Methanol extract of mycelia and sclerotia, and ethyl acetate extract of culture filtrate both exhibited over 90 % inhibition of S. cepivorum growth at 1200 ppm. A chloroform extract of culture filtrate resulted in 71.1 % inhibition at 1200 ppm. All extracts completely suppressed the formation and germination of sclerotia at 400, 800 and 1200 ppm. In greenhouse experiments, no disease was observed with the ethyl acetate extract when onion seedlings were dipped in the extract for 4 or 8 h. The GC-MS analysis revealed 28 compounds in the methanol extract. The methanol extract contained mainly hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (31.16 %), whereas 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, HMF, (36.40 %) was the main constituent of the ethyl acetate extract. These results suggest that the secondary metabolites of S. cepivorum are potential and promising antifungal agents for the control of onion white rot. These results can be also applied to reduce the incidence and severity of other diseases in different crops.

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Effect of integrated control practices on the onion white rot pathogen in organic soil

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Mycelial compatibility groups in Sclerotium cepivorum

Mycelial compatibility groups in Sclerotium cepivorum

Effect of flooding on the viability and pathogenicity of sclerotia ofSclerotium rolfsiiin Malaysian soil∗

Efficiency assessment of the antifungal metabolites from Sclerotium cepivorum against onion white rot disease

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