Effect of intense physical exercise on hepcidin levels and selected parameters of iron metabolism in rowing athletes

Skarpańska-Stejnborn, Anna; Basta, Piotr; Trzeciak, Jerzy; Szcześniak-Pilaczyńska, Łucja

doi:10.1007/s00421-014-3018-3

Cited by 52 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…One study showed that a high-intensity exercise test caused significant changes in hepcidin levels, interleukin-6, and iron metabolism during the recovery period [11]. Another study observed that serum iron levels decreased significantly during the recovery period after exercise [23]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Lifestyle Factors and Iron Overload in Korean Adults

2016

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It has been suggested that iron overload, which indicates the accumulation of iron, generates cellular reactive oxygens and causes peroxide damages to the body. Such oxidative stresses, in a broader context, are also caused by lifestyles such as alcohol consumption and smoking. However, there are limited data on the association between these lifestyle factors and internal iron overload. In present study, we evaluated associations between lifestyle factors, such as smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity, and serum markers of iron overload. In a population-based cross-sectional study including 2,347 Korean men and women aged 49–79 years, we assessed serum transferrin saturation (TSAT) levels and defined iron overload as TSAT levels > 50% for men and > 45% for women. After excluding persons with chronic diseases and iron deficiency, multivariate odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated to evaluate associations between lifestyle factors and iron overload in 1,973 participants. In all participants, we examined a significantly positive association between heavy alcohol consumption (> 30 g/day) and iron overload; heavy drinkers showed 1.6-fold higher OR (95% CI, 1.11–2.36) than non-drinkers. Stratified analysis by sex showed that this association was significant only among men. In addition, we observed a potential association between heavy smoking > 10 cigarettes/day and iron overload (p = 0.07). In stratified analysis by sex, we examined a significant association between smoking and iron overload only among women; former or current smokers had 1.9-fold higher OR (95% CI, 1.01–3.63) than never-smoker. Our findings suggest that heavy alcohol consumption and smoking may worsen iron accumulation in the body.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Lifestyle Factors and Iron Overload in Korean Adults

2016

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“…Most studies performed so far have shown that hepcidin levels return to baseline within 6 h after an acute bout of endurance exercise (Newlin et al, 2012;Sim et al, 2012;Diaz et al, 2015;Skarpanska-Stejnborn et al, 2015). However, there is a lack of data on the cumulative effects of regularly performed exercise training on the expression of iron regulatory factors and its implications for iron status and performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Hepcidin Levels During a Period of High Training Load Do Not Alter Iron Status in Male Elite Junior Rowers

et al. 2020

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The liver-derived hormone hepcidin plays a key role in iron metabolism by mediating the degradation of the iron export protein ferroportin 1 (FPN1). Circulating levels of hepcidin and the iron storage protein ferritin are elevated during the recovery period after acute endurance exercise, which can be interpreted as an acute phase reaction to intense exercise with far-reaching consequences for iron metabolism and homeostasis. Since absolute and functional iron deficiency (ID) potentially lead to a loss of performance and well-being, it is surprising that the cumulative effects of training stress on hepcidin levels and its interplay with cellular iron availability are not well described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine serum levels of hepcidin at six time points during a 4-week training camp of junior world elite rowers preparing for the world championships and to relate the alterations in training load to overall iron status determined by serum ferritin, transferrin, iron, and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR). Serum hepcidin levels increased significantly (p = 0.02) during the initial increase in training load (23.24 ± 2.43 ng/ml) at day 7 compared to the start of training camp (11.47 ± 3.92 ng/ml) and turned back on day 13 (09.51 ± 3.59 ng/ml) already, meeting well the entrance level of hepcidin at day 0. Serum ferritin was significantly higher at day 7 compared to all other timepoints with exception of the subsequent time point at day 13 reflecting well the time course pattern of hepcidin. Non-significant changes between training phases were found for serum iron, transferrin, and sTfR levels as well as for transferrin saturation, and ferritin-index (sTfR/log ferritin). Our findings indicate that hepcidin as well as ferritin, both representing acute phase proteins, are sensitive to initial increases in training load. Erythropoiesis was unaffected by iron compartmentalization through hepcidin. We conclude that hepcidin is sensitive to rigorous changes in training load in junior world elite rowers without causing short-term alterations in functional iron homeostasis.

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“…This result surprised us, because we expected that increased hepcidin would parallel the increase in IL-6, as in the study of Skarpanska-Stejnborn (33), and would reach its maximal level in acutely run rats. Skarpanska-Stejnborn et al showed a significant increase in hepcidin and IL-6 in parallel with high-intensity, shortterm exercise (33). However, some recent studies support our findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Interleukin-6 and hepcidin expression changes in cardiac tissue of long-term trained and untrained rats after exhaustive exercise*

Sarikaya¹,

Dursun²,

Deveden³

et al. 2017

Turk J Med Sci

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IntroductionExercise in daily life is conducted for elite sports performance, maintenance of health, and management of disease and disability, among other reasons (1). As a physical stress, exercise challenges homeostasis, and the body generates an acute and subclinical inflammatory response to it (2). However, many studies have demonstrated that regular exercise is associated with a reduction in the longterm risk of myocardial events (3).Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that is produced during strenuous exercise more than any other proinflammatory or antiinflammatory cytokines and may be involved in mediating exercise-related metabolic changes (4). An increase in cytokines such as IL-6, systemic inflammation (5), and oxidative stress induced by strenuous exercise has been suggested to lead to cardiomyocyte dysfunction and cardiac injury (3).Severe exercise yields an increase in cytokine production, especially that of IL-6, which is the predominate mediator of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin (6). Hepcidin activity may be elevated at the conclusion of physical activity as a result of exercise-induced inflammation (7). Additionally, plasma IL-6 could be involved in the exercise-induced increase in hepcidin gene expression (8). Hepcidin is secreted in response to iron overload and/or inflammation and hypoxia. Its preventive role in cardiac injury has been suggested in several studies (9). It is hypothesized that training attenuates the IL-6 increase due Background/aim: Exercise benefits the cardiovascular system, but strenuous exercise can cause cardiac damage and induce cytokine production, particularly that of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Hepcidin, which is primarily regulated by IL-6, increases after exercise. Hepcidin is a possible protective factor against the adverse effects of strenuous exercise such as oxidative stress. The aim of the study is to reveal that training increases hepcidin and attenuates increased levels of IL-6 in the hearts of exhaustively exercised rats by comparing the IL-6 and hepcidin mRNA expression levels in trained and untrained groups.Materials and methods: Thirty male Wistar albino rats were assigned to the following groups: sedentary controls (Con); untrained animals that acutely completed exhaustive exercise and were sacrificed immediately after exhaustion (UT-i) or 1 day after exhaustion (UT-1); and long-term trained animals that completed exhaustive exercise and were sacrificed immediately after exhaustion (T-i) or 1 day after exhaustion (T-1). mRNA levels were examined by reverse transcription PCR.Results: IL-6 levels significantly increased in the UT-i, T-i, and T-1 groups compared to the Con group (P = 0.000, P = 0.024, P = 0.001), with maximal IL-6 expression found in the UT-i group. Hepcidin levels significantly increased in the T-1 group (P = 0.000) compared to the control. Conclusion:Increased IL-6 levels in rats show that exhaustive exercise can cause cardiac inflammation. However, long-term training attenuated the severity of the inflammation. The possible protective effe...

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Effect of intense physical exercise on hepcidin levels and selected parameters of iron metabolism in rowing athletes

Cited by 52 publications

References 24 publications

Associations between Lifestyle Factors and Iron Overload in Korean Adults

Associations between Lifestyle Factors and Iron Overload in Korean Adults

Increased Hepcidin Levels During a Period of High Training Load Do Not Alter Iron Status in Male Elite Junior Rowers

Interleukin-6 and hepcidin expression changes in cardiac tissue of long-term trained and untrained rats after exhaustive exercise*

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