“…Second, given that learners' emotional engagement was positively correlated with language production and collaboration, it is essential for teachers to find ways to promote learners' positive emotional engagement. Some of the ways to promote their engagement (including emotional engagement) suggested in previous research include giving them opportunities to generate their own task content (Lambert et al, 2017(Lambert et al, , 2021, select their preferred tasks (Phung, 2017), practice interactional strategies (Dao, 2020;Sato, 2020); interact with peers of a different ethnolinguistic group (Aubrey, 2017;Phung, 2017), work with partners of different proficiency levels (Dao & McDonough, 2017, use point cards to score and track their own performance for the sake of improving their performance (Stroud, 2017), and/or carry out tasks with a manipulation of task goals (Dao, 2019).…”