Effect of intermittent irrigation on groundwater table contribution, irrigation requirement and yield of rice in Mollisols of the Tarai region

Mishra, Himanshu; Rathore, T. S.; Pant, Ravi

doi:10.1016/0378-3774(90)90045-z

Cited by 46 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Xu (1982), Wei and Song (1989), and Mao (1993) reported that AWD maintained or even increased rice yield compared with the traditional irrigation practices with continuous flooding (CF) and was widely adopted by farmers in China. The increase in yield under AWD reported in Chinese literature substantially differs from the results elsewhere in tropical Asia (Mishra et al 1990;Tabbal et al 1992;and Bouman and Tuong 2001) where yields often decreased under AWD compared with CF. In Japan, Lu et al (2000) reported higher water productivity when saturated soil (soil tension kept at 0 kPa) was maintained compared with flooding but lower yields were obtained under intermittent irrigation treatments compared with CF.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Effect of irrigation method and N-fertilizer management on rice yield, water productivity and nutrient-use efficiencies in typical lowland rice conditions in China

Cabangon

Tuong

Castillo

et al. 2004

Paddy Water Environ

169

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Alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD) has been reported to save water compared with continuous flooding (CF) in rice cultivation. However, the reported effects on yield varied greatly and detailed agrohydrological characterization is often lacking so that generalizations are difficult to make. Furthermore, it is not known how AWD modifies nutrient use efficiencies and if it requires different N-fertilizer management compared with CF. This study quantified the agro-hydrological conditions of the commonly practiced AWD and compared the impact of AWD and CF irrigations at different N-fertilizer management regimes on rice growth and yield, water productivity, and fertilizer-use efficiencies in five crop seasons in 1999 and 2000 at two typical lowland rice sites in China (Jinhua, Zheijang Province and Tuanlin, Hubei Province), with shallow groundwater tables.Grain yields varied from 3.2 to 4.5 t ha -1 with 0 kg N ha -1 to 5.3-8.9 t ha -1 with farmers' N-rates (150 kg N ha -1 in Jinhua and 180 in Tuanlin). In both sites, no significant water by nitrogen interaction on grain yields, biomass, water productivity, nutrient uptakes and N-use efficiency were observed. Yield and biomass did not significantly differ (P >0.05) between AWD and CF and among N timings. The productivity of irrigation water in AWD was about 5-35% higher than in CF, but differences were significant (P <0.05) only when the rainfall was low and evaporation was high. Increasing the number of splits to 4-6 times increase the total N uptake, but not total P-uptake, and total K-uptake compared with farmers' practices of two splits. Apparent Nitrogen recovery (ANR) increased as the number of splits increased, but there was no significant difference in ANR between AWD and CF. During the drying cycles of AWD irrigation, the perched water table depths seldom went deeper than -20 cm and the soil in the root zone remained moist most of the time. The results suggest that in typical irrigated lowlands in China, AWD can reduce water input without affecting rice yields and does not require N-fertilizer management differently from continuous flooding. The results can be applied to many other irrigated lowland rice areas in Asia which have a shallow groundwater table.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Effect of irrigation method and N-fertilizer management on rice yield, water productivity and nutrient-use efficiencies in typical lowland rice conditions in China

Cabangon

Tuong

Castillo

et al. 2004

Paddy Water Environ

169

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“…There are reports that alternate wetting and drying (AWD) may reduce, rather than increase, grain yield due to the loss of nitrogen, reduction in shoot biomass, and a shortened grain-filling period (Mishra et al 1990;Tabbal et al 2002;Belder et al 2004). However, some recent reports have showed that compared with continuously submerged conditions, AWD can maintain or even increase grain yield because of the enhancement in root growth, grain-filling rate, and remobilization of carbon reserves from vegetative tissues to grains (Tuong et al 2005;Yang et al 2007;Zhang et al 2008aZhang et al , 2009a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects on rice plant morphology and physiology of water and associated management practices of the system of rice intensification and their implications for crop performance

Thakur

Rath

Patil

et al. 2010

Paddy Water Environ

108

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Field experiments were conducted in Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India, during the dry season (JanuaryMay) in 2008 and 2009 to investigate whether practices of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), including alternate wetting and drying (AWD) during the vegetative stage of plant growth, could improve rice plants' morphology and physiology and what would be their impact on resulting crop performance, compared with currently recommended scientific management practices (SMP), including continuous flooding (CF) of paddies. With SRI practices, grain yield was increased by 48% in these trials at the same time, there was an average water saving of 22% compared with inundated SMP rice. Water productivity with AWD-SRI management practices was almost doubled (0.68 g l -1 ) compared to CF-SMP (0.36 g l -1 ). Significant improvements were observed in the morphology of SRI plants in terms of root growth, plant/culm height, tiller number per hill, tiller perimeter, leaf size and number, leaf area index (LAI), specific leaf weight (SLW), and open canopy structure. These phenotypic improvements of the AWD-SRI crop were accompanied by physiological changes: greater xylem exudation rate, crop growth rate, mean leaf elongation rate (LER), and higher light interception by the canopy compared to rice plants grown under CF-SMP. SRI plants showed delayed leaf senescence and greater light utilization, and they maintained higher photosynthetic rates during reproductive and grain-filling stages. This was responsible for improvement in yieldcontributing characteristics and higher grain yield than from flooded rice with SMP. We conclude that SRI practices with AWD improve rice plants' morphology, and this benefits physiological processes that result in higher grain yield and water productivity.

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“…Chiaradia); m.romani@enterisi.it (M. Romani); claudio.gandolfi@ unimi.it (C. Gandolfi) water depths remained very shallow in various field experiments, while it can be expected that the large-scale adoption of FI or of similar techniques will lead to an increase in groundwater depth, due to reduced recharge (Belder et al, 2004;Mishra et al, 1990). This, in turn, will increase percolation and limit root uptake from groundwater, thus limiting the ultimate reduction in irrigation requirements (Belder et al, 2007;Tabbal et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water balance implications of switching from continuous submergence to flush irrigation in a rice-growing district

Maria

Rienzner

Facchi

et al. 2016

Agricultural Water Management

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Studies conducted at the field scale report significant reductions in the irrigation requirements of rice when continuous submergence (CS) is replaced by less water-demanding regimes such as flush-irrigation (FI, i.e. intermittent irrigations of rice growing in non-submerged soils). However, the effects of their extensive application in paddy areas with shallow groundwater is much less studied. We present a scenario analysis investigating the impacts on irrigation requirements induced by a shift from CS to FI in an irrigation district of Northern Italy where rice is the main crop, followed by maize and poplar. The area is characterised by a shallow water Table whose depth fluctuates between two meters (in winter) and less than 1 m (in summer). We applied a three-stage procedure, where we first analysed present state conditions using the SWAP (Soil, Water, Atmosphere, Plant) model to simulate irrigation deliveries and percolation fluxes. Then, we calibrated an empirical relationship between estimated percolation fluxes and measured depths to groundwater. Finally, we applied this relationship, in combination with the SWAP model, to predict the variation of district irrigation requirements due to a widespread shift from CS to FI. Results show that neglecting the feedback between groundwater recharge due to irrigation and groundwater depth led to overestimating the reduction of irrigation requirements of rice, which decreased from around 80% when no feedback was considered to around 60% when it was accounted for. Moreover, increased groundwater depths resulted in higher irrigation requirements for maize with an estimated growth of more than 50% due to the need of shortening the irrigation turn. These results demonstrate the importance of considering the impacts on the hydrological processes at larger scales when planning the conversion of CS into more efficient field irrigation methods.

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Effect of intermittent irrigation on groundwater table contribution, irrigation requirement and yield of rice in Mollisols of the Tarai region

Cited by 46 publications

References 2 publications

Effect of irrigation method and N-fertilizer management on rice yield, water productivity and nutrient-use efficiencies in typical lowland rice conditions in China

Effect of irrigation method and N-fertilizer management on rice yield, water productivity and nutrient-use efficiencies in typical lowland rice conditions in China

Effects on rice plant morphology and physiology of water and associated management practices of the system of rice intensification and their implications for crop performance

Water balance implications of switching from continuous submergence to flush irrigation in a rice-growing district

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