Effect of Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN) Thermoplastic Resin on Flexural Strength of Fibre-Reinforced Composite and the Penetration of Bonding Resin into Semi-IPN FRC Post

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) thermoplastic resin on the flexural strength of fibre-reinforced composite (FRC) with different IPN polymer compositions. The penetration of bonding resin into semi-IPN FRC posts was also evaluated. The IPN thermoplastic resin used was UDMA-MMA monomer with either PMMA (0.5%, 2%, 5%) or PMMA-copolymer (0.5%, 2%). A no added IPN polymer resin was also made. Mixed resin was impregnated to S- and E-glass fibre rovings. These resins and resin impregnated fibres were used for flexural strength (FS) test. To evaluate the penetration of bonding resin into semi-IPN post, SEM observation was done with various impregnation time and polymerization mehods (hand-light- and oven-cure). The result of FS was recorded from 111.7 MPa (no-IPN polymer/no-fibre-reinforcement) to 543.0 MPa (5% PMMA/S-glass FRC). ANOVA showed that there were significant differences between fibre-reinforcement and no-fibre-reinforcement (p < 0.01) both in S- and E-glass fibre groups, and between 0.5% PMMA and 5% PMMA in the S-glass FRC group. SEM micrographs showed that the penetration layers of bonding resin into hand-light cured semi-IPN posts were different according to impregnation time. Fibre reinforcement is effective to improve flexural strength. The depth of penetration layer of bonding resin into semi-IPN matrix resin was improved when a hand-light cure was used.

Bond Strength of Sandblasted PEEK with Dental Methyl Methacrylate-Based Cement or Composite-Based Resin Cement

“…Two possible explanations were considered for this observation. First, it was considered that a semiinterpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) structure [40][41][42][43] formed at the cement/PEEK interface. This semi-IPN structure consists of a macromolecular-level polymer blend, in which the polymer chains of the linear polymer penetrate another polymer network.…”

“…This semi-IPN structure consists of a macromolecular-level polymer blend, in which the polymer chains of the linear polymer penetrate another polymer network. In dental materials, a semi-IPN structure can be found at the interfaces between PMMA-based and resin-based materials, which significantly improves the bond strength between the two materials [40][41][42][43]. It was therefore speculated that the relatively small MMA molecules present in the MMA-based resin cements can penetrate the interspaces between the polymer chains, resulting in interlocking between the polymers, generating PMMA and forming a semi-IPN structure at the interface.…”

Comparative Bonding Analysis of Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing Dental Resin Composites with Various Resin Cements

“…Therein, the MMA-based resin cement Super-Bond adhesive system demonstrated a higher bond strength than the composite-based resin cement ResiCem adhesive system. A feasible explanation for this phenomenon involves the formation of a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) structure at the interface between the MMA-based resin cement and the CAD/CAM composite [37][38][39]. The structure comprises a macromolecular-level polymer blend in which the polymer chains of a linear polymer infiltrate another polymer matrix.…”

4D Printing of Triple-Shape Memory Cyanate Composites Based on Interpenetrating Polymer Network Structures

“…Due to the large amount of triazine rings in the resin, the brittleness and poor deformation ability of the resins greatly limit the application of SMCE in engineering structures; therefore, it is necessary to study their toughening modification. The toughness of pristine cyanate ester (CE) resin is poor, and the fracture strain of modified CE resins at room temperature is difficult to reach more than 10%, especially for thermoset-modified CE resins. − It is found that IPN can enhance the mechanical properties of materials, − and constructing interpenetrating networks in materials may be an excellent way to toughen CE resins. In addition, the preparation of cyanate-based complex structures depends on three-dimensional (3D) printing technology; the second challenge is the successful printing of CE resins.…”