Effect of Intracellular Glutathione Level on the Production of 6-Methoxymellein in Cultured Carrot (Daucus carota) Cells

Guo, Zhai; Nakagawara, Shunji; Sumitani, Kuniko; Ohta, Yoshimoto

doi:10.1104/pp.102.1.45

Cited by 40 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…GSH decreased in the susceptible barley line or remained absent from the apoplast of the susceptible oat line. These observations may be consistent with a role for GSH in signal transduction in HR (Guo et al 1993, Foyer et al 1997). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Antioxidant defences of the apoplast

Vanacker

Harbinson²,

Ruisch³

et al. 1998

Protoplasma

114

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Summary. The apoplast of barley and oat leaves contained superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase activities. The activities of these enzymes in the apoplastic extracts were greatly modified 24 h after inoculation with the biotrophic fungal pathogen Btumeria graminis. The quantum efficiency of photosystem II, which is related to photosynthetic electron transport flux, was comparable in inoculated and healthy leaves during this period. Apoplastic soluble acid invertase activity was also modified in inoculated leaves. Inoculation-dependent increases in apoplastic SOD activity were observed in all lines. Major bands of SOD activity, observed in apoplastic protein extracts by activity staining of gels following isoelectric focusing, were similar to those observed in whole leaves but two additional minor bands were found in the apoptastic fraction. The apoplastic extracts contained substantial amounts of dehydroascorbate (DHA) but little or no glutathione (GSH). Biotic stress decreased apoplastic ascorbate and DHA but increased apoplastic GSH in resistant lines. The antioxidant cycle enzymes may function to remove apoplastic H20~ with ascorbate and GSH derived from the cytoplasm. DHA and oxidized gtutathione may be reduced in the apoplast or returned to the cytosol for rereduction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Antioxidant defences of the apoplast

Vanacker

Harbinson²,

Ruisch³

et al. 1998

Protoplasma

114

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“…An early report showed an antioxidative, protective effect of ascorbate and GSH against necrotic vira1 infection (Farkas et al, 1960). Modulation of plant cell GSH levels altered the transcription of various defense genes and the biosynthesis of phytoalexins (Wingate et al, 1988;Guo et al, 1993). The enhanced resistance of muskmelon (Cucumis melo) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) roots against Fusarium oxysporum brought about by herbicides coincided with the significant increase in GSH levels (Bolter et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local and Systemic Responses of Antioxidants to Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infection and to Salicylic Acid in Tobacco (Role in Systemic Acquired Resistance)

et al. 1997

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Changes in ascorbate and glutathione levels and in activities of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were investigated in tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-inoculated lower leaves and in non-inoculated upper leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi-nc. In separate experiments the effects of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) were also studied. Symptom appearance after TMV inoculation was preceded by a slight, transient decline of ascorbate peroxidase, GR, GST, and SOD activities in the inoculated lower leaves, but after the onset of necrosis these activities and the glutathione level substantially increased. Ascorbic acid level and DHAR activity declined and dehydroascorbate accumulated in the inoculated leaves. In upper leaves, the glutathione level and the activities of GR, GST, and SOD increased 10 to 14 d after TMV inoculation of the lower leaves, concomitantly with the development of systemic acquired resistance. From the six distinct SOD isoenzymes found in tobacco leaves, only the activities of Cu,Zn-SOD isoenzymes were affected by TMV. SA injection induced DHAR, GR, GST, and SOD activities. Catalase activities were not modified by TMV infection or SA treatment. It is supposed that stimulated antioxidative processes contribute to the suppression of necrotic symptom development in leaves with systemic acquired resistance.

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“…A role for H,O, as an antimicrobial agent (Kim et al, 1988;Wu et al, 1995), a substrate for lignin synthesis (Gross et al, 1977), and a signal molecule for the hypersensitive cell death response (Levine et al, 1994), phytoalexin accumulation (Edwards et al, 1991;Guo et al, 1993), and SA biosynthesis (Leon et al, 1995) has already been demonstrated. But ROI levels must be controlled to avoid damage to the surrounding noninvaded tissue whose viability may be required for the coordinated defense response.…”

Section: Effects Of If On the Activities Of Antioxidant Enzymes And Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species, Glutathione Metabolism, and Lipid Peroxidation in the Cf-Gene-Dependent Defense Response of Tomato Cotyledons Induced by Race-Specific Elicitors of Cladosporium fulvum

1996

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The chronological order of responses to Cladosporium fulvum (Cooke) (Cf) race-specific elicitors was assessed in cotyledons of three near-isogenic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) lines carrying either Cf-9 or Cf-2 or no Cf gene. The responses observed were dependent on the presence of a Cf gene, Avr-gene product dose injected, and the relative humidity (RH) of the growth chamber. At ambient RH, superoxide formation and lipid peroxidation occurred after 2 h (Cf9) and 4 h (Cf2). At elevated RH (98%) and at lower avirulence elicitor dose, Cf-Avr-dependent lipid peroxidation was considerably attenuated. Significant electrolyte leakage occurred by 18 h but only at the lower RH. Total glutathione levels began to increase 2 to 4 h and 4 to 8 h after challenge of Cf9 and Cf2 cells, respectively, and by 48 h reached 665 and 570% of initial levels. A large proportion of this accumulation (87%) was as oxidized glutathione. When the RH was increased to 98%, increases in glutathione levels were strongly attenuated. lncreased lipoxygenase enzyme activity was detected 8 h postchallenge in either incompatible interaction. These results indicate that the activation of the Cf-Avr-mediated defense response results in severe oxidative stress.Early events during the interaction between a specialized pathogen and its host ultimately determine whether the attempted infection succeeds or fails. Plant-pathogen interactions often exhibit race-cultivar specificity. To explain this, the "gene-for-gene" hypothesis has been proposed (Flor, 1946), wherein incompatibility requires the presence of both a dominant plant resistance ( X ) gene and a complementary dominant pathogen avirulence (Aur) gene (Gabriel and Rolfe, 1990;Keen, 1990).The interaction between the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fuluum (syn. Fulua fulua [Cooke] Cif.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) provides an excellent experThis work was supported by a Glasstone research fellowship to M.J.M. and the Gatsby Charitable Foundation to K

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Effect of Intracellular Glutathione Level on the Production of 6-Methoxymellein in Cultured Carrot (Daucus carota) Cells

Cited by 40 publications

References 13 publications

Antioxidant defences of the apoplast

Antioxidant defences of the apoplast

Local and Systemic Responses of Antioxidants to Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infection and to Salicylic Acid in Tobacco (Role in Systemic Acquired Resistance)

Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species, Glutathione Metabolism, and Lipid Peroxidation in the Cf-Gene-Dependent Defense Response of Tomato Cotyledons Induced by Race-Specific Elicitors of Cladosporium fulvum

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