Effect of intraluminal oxygen on experimental ischaemia of the intestine.

Shute, K

doi:10.1136/gut.17.12.1001

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Shute [18] demonstrated in rats that 100% oxygen introduced into the gut lumen during superior mesenteric artery occlusion reduced mortality, and histological evidence of intestinal ischemia was also diminished.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Small bowel and liver gas tensions during intravenous vasopressin infusion and 60% oxygen ventilation

Korsbäck

Höckerstedt

1984

Res. Exp. Med.

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Vasopressin has been found to significantly decrease tissue pO2 in the gastrointestinal tract and the liver. The aim of this study was to find out whether 60% oxygen ventilation could prevent the tissue hypoxia. Vasopressin was infused i.v. in ten piglets for 60 min. During the first 30 min they were ventilated by room air and for the following 30 min by 60% oxygen, which did not alter the intestinal tissue pO2, but liver pO2 increased to the normal level. The plasma lactate was significantly decreased by 60% oxygen ventilation. The findings in this experimental study suggest that 60% oxygen ventilation is indicated in the clinical use of vasopressin infusion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Small bowel and liver gas tensions during intravenous vasopressin infusion and 60% oxygen ventilation

Korsbäck

Höckerstedt

1984

Res. Exp. Med.

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“…The former explanation is unlikely in view of the relatively short period of exposure of the anaerobes to oxygen, and because death of these organisms would, in the short term, lead to the release of large quantities of endotoxin. A much more likely explanation is that the decreased absorption of endotoxin from the bowel lumen is due to previously described maintenance of the mucosal 'barrier' by intraluminal oxygen (Shute 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reduction in mortality resulting from the introduction of oxygen into the bowel lumen of rats subjected to superior mesenteric artery occlusion has been described previously (Shute, 1975). In that study two identical groups of rats were subjected to occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) under general anaesthetic.…”

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confidence: 93%

Effect of intraluminal oxygen on endotoxin absorption in experimental occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery.

Shute¹

1977

Gut

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SUMMARY Absorption of bacterial endotoxin has been shown to occur after release of the occluded superior mesenteric artery in the rat. A significant reduction in endotoxin absorption was observed as a result of the infusion of gaseous oxygen into the bowel lumen during the period of ischaemia (p < 0 001). The methods of endotoxin identification and assay are described, and the possible reasons for this effect of intraluminal oxygen are discussed.The role of bacterial endotoxins in the genesis of the circulatory collapse associated with acute ischaemia of the intestine is still the subject of debate. Some authors (Zweifach et al., 1958;Williams et al., 1968) deny the importance of endotoxaemia in this condition, but the majority consider that significant amounts of endotoxin reach the circulation, because of increased absorption through the damaged mucosa (Nelson and Noyes, 1952;Kobold and Thal, 1963;Milliken et al., 1965).The reduction in mortality resulting from the introduction of oxygen into the bowel lumen of rats subjected to superior mesenteric artery occlusion has been described previously (Shute, 1975). In that study two identical groups of rats were subjected to occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) under general anaesthetic. Thirty minutes after starting arterial occlusion 20 ml of gaseous oxygen was introduced into the small bowel lumen of each of one group of rats, while the other group acted as controls. The SMA clamp was released in all animals after a total of 120 minutes occlusion and the mortality was observed 48 hours later. The mortality of the control group at this time was 89%, while that of the oxygen treated group was 39%. This difference was highly significant P < 0-005 (chi square test).The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of the administration of intraluminal oxygen on the absorption of endotoxin after experimental occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery in the rat. Endotoxin absorption was assessed by the method of Received for publication 30 November 1976 Pieroni et al. (1970), who showed that submicrogram quantities of endotoxin could be detected by assessing the mortality after simultaneous intraperitoneal injection of the endotoxin and 12 5 ug actinomycin D into mice, because the latter drug enhances the lethal effect of endotoxin by up to 225 000 times. MethodsENDOTOXIN ASSAY (Table 1) To confirm the efficacy of the Pieroni endotoxin assay, the following experiment was carried out.Twenty female Swiss A2G mice weighing 20-25 g were injected with 1 ml normal saline and 12-5 ,tg actinomycin D in 0-25 ml saline. Forty similar mice were injected with 0 005 ,ug Escherichia coli 055 :B5 lipopolysaccharide/endotoxin (Difco, England) in 0 5 ml saline, and a further 50 mice received the same amounts of actinomycin D and endotoxin simultaneously. All injections were given intraperitoneally, and the ampoules of actinomycin D were pooled to avoid the problem of variation in potency between

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“…The proposed mechanisms of the beneficial effects of HBO therapy are 1) inhibition of expressing adhesion molecules and migration of neutrophils in the acute injury phase (6,7), and 2) increased oxygen availability in tissue caused by increased blood oxygen tension and increased distance of interstitial oxygen diffusion. In other studies, intraluminal administration of either oxygen or O 2 -PFC preserves intestinal mucosa against I/R injury (3,4). However, administration of those substances in gut lumen is technically difficult or even harmful in certain clinical situations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Because many investigators considered derangement of the gut mucosal barrier function important in the pathogenesis of septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), it is important to develop therapeutic modalities to preserve gut mucosa and prevent barrier dysfunction. Previous studies demonstrated that intraluminal administration of either oxygen or oxygenated perfluorochemical (O 2 -PFC) preserves intestinal mucosa against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (3,4). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was also demonstrated to effectively preserve gut barrier function in shock and sepsis models (5,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraperitoneal Administration of Hyperbarically Oxygenated Perfluorochemical Enhances Preservation of Intestinal Mucosa Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Saito

Unno²,

Yamamoto³

et al. 2006

Shock

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Perfluorochemicals (PFCs) have a high solubility for oxygen. We have previously demonstrated the effect of peritoneal lavage with oxygenated PFC (O2-PFC) on ameliorating ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced intestinal ischemic damage in an animal model. In this study, we applied hyperbarically O2-PFC (HBO-PFC) to investigate whether a larger amount of oxygen carried by PFC could enhance the protective effect of O2-PFC during intestinal malperfusion. Rats were subjected to ischemia by clamping the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 90 min. The SMA was then declamped. Rats were divided into four groups. In group A, only anesthesia and abdominal incision were performed. In group B, SMA was clamped without O2-PFC. In group C, during the SMA clamp, 1 atm O2-PFC was injected into the abdominal cavity. In group D, 5 atm O2-PFC (HBO-PFC) was prepared using a custom-made hyperbaric oxygen tank and administered to the abdominal cavity during the SMA clamp. Ileal tissue adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels 90 min after SMA declamping were determined using luciferase assay. To assess intestinal mucosal barrier function at 90 min after release of the SMA clip, everted gut sacs were prepared to measure the mucosal-to-serosal passage of fluorescein-conjugated dextran (FD4, molecular weight = 4 kDa). Thirty minutes after i.p. administration, partial pressure of oxygen in HBO-PFC remained around 1000 mmHg, whereas partial pressure of oxygen in 1 atm O2-PFC decreased to around 400 mmHg. The intestinal tissue ATP was significantly preserved in group D. Moreover, the mucosal hyperpermeability of the gut sac after I/R was significantly ameliorated in group D. Hyperbarically oxygenated perfluorochemical might supply a larger amount of oxygen to ischemic tissue during SMA clamp, which protected the small intestine from I/R injury, possibly caused by the maintenance of tissue ATP levels during ischemia.

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Effect of intraluminal oxygen on experimental ischaemia of the intestine.

Cited by 42 publications

References 19 publications

Small bowel and liver gas tensions during intravenous vasopressin infusion and 60% oxygen ventilation

Small bowel and liver gas tensions during intravenous vasopressin infusion and 60% oxygen ventilation

Effect of intraluminal oxygen on endotoxin absorption in experimental occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery.

Intraperitoneal Administration of Hyperbarically Oxygenated Perfluorochemical Enhances Preservation of Intestinal Mucosa Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

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