Effect of Intravenous Infusion of a 7.2% Hypertonic Saline Solution on Serum Electrolytes and Osmotic Pressure in Healthy Beagles.

Ajito, Tadaharu; Suzuki, Kazuyuki; Iwabuchi, Shigehiro

doi:10.1292/jvms.61.637

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The increase in CI of the dogs receiving hypertonic saline may have been due to an increase in preload [9]. In fact, many researchers have reported a significantly expanded plasma volume as a result of HSS infusion [1,29]. In our study, HSS infusion induced a progressive and significant increase in rPV and EDVI at t=15 min, which was the infusion ended.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

The Effect of 7.2% Hypertonic Saline Solution with 6% Dextran 70 on Cardiac Contractility as Observed by an Echocardiography in Normovolemic and Anesthetized Dogs

Suzuki

Otake

Saida

et al. 2008

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. We studied the effect of a small volume of 7.2% hypertonic saline solution (HSS) or HSS with 6% dextran 70 (HSD) on hemodynamic status, especially on cardiac contractility, in anesthetized dogs using the left ventricular end-systolic volume index (ESVI) and ejection fraction (EF), which can be obtained in noninvasive echocardiography. In the present study, the mean values of ESVI were unaffected by HSS and HSD infusion, whereas the left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (EDVI) was markedly and significant increased. As a result of the changes in EDVI but not in ESVI, EF increased transiently and significantly in the HSS and HSD group, whereas no such significant change was observed in the dogs that received isotonic saline solution. In addition, as a result of the increases in cardiac index but not arterial pressure, system vascular resistances (SVR) decreased transiently and significantly in the HSS and HSD groups, whereas no such significant change was observed in the ISS group. Therefore, the positive inotropic effects of HSS and HSD may be attributable to the increase in left ventricular preload and decreases in SVR rather than direct changes in myocardial contractility. KEY WORDS: canine, cardiac contractility, cardiac index, echocardiography, hypertonic saline.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 70(1): 89-94, 2008 Recent clinical data supports the concept that early restitution of the circulation in severe sepsis and septic shock patients improves oxygenation and increases the survival rate [22]. It is therefore of great importance to restore the intravascular volume and thereby maintain adequate cardiac output (CO) and oxygen delivery. Hypovolemic shock resuscitation with colloids is preferred over crystalloids because colloids result in better regional and microcirculatory blood flow [24]. Small-volume hypertonic saline solution (HSS) has been successfully used to resuscitate dogs with experimentally induced hypovolemic shock [13,28,29]. The beneficial hemodynamic effects of HSS have been attributed to rapid plasma volume expansion caused by body fluid shift from intracellular space [2,7], transient decrease in systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance [27], a vagally mediated reflex dependent stimulation of pulmonary osmoreceptors [13,30] and increased cardiac contractility [29]. These beneficial effects most likely result from an increase in preload and/or decrease in afterload [27].Some studies have found a positive inotropic effect after HSS infusion [9,10,15,17]. HSS induces cellular dehydration through an osmotic effect, thus decreasing cellular water content and directly increasing the calcium level [32]. This could produce a positive inotropic effect of HSS because the increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ]in) results in increased cardiac contractility. Myocardial oxygen consumption increases at the end of HSS infusion without significant change in coronary venous oxygen tension and content [15]. However, many in vitro studies have demonstrated that a sudden increase in the ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

The Effect of 7.2% Hypertonic Saline Solution with 6% Dextran 70 on Cardiac Contractility as Observed by an Echocardiography in Normovolemic and Anesthetized Dogs

Suzuki

Otake

Saida

et al. 2008

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Similar to S, which caused a 76% change in blood volume, the peak effect of HS on blood volume occurred at the end of its infusion (17%). In contrast to S, the blood volume decreased by only 5% at 30 minutes from its peak effect with HS administration compared with the 41% decline for S. Although larger volumes of HS might lead to a greater expansion of the intravascular space, hypernatremia and a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen limit the amount of HS that can be safely administered 20 . Although the volume expanding effect of HS was significantly less than that of any other fluid, its ER was the greatest of all the fluids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Assessment of changes in blood volume in response to resuscitative fluid administration in dogs

Silverstein

Aldrich

Haskins³

et al. 2005

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objective: To determine the continuous changes in blood volume in response to fluid administration using an in-line hematocrit monitor. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Research laboratory. Animals: Four healthy dogs. Interventions: Each dog received intravenous boluses of 80 mL/kg of 0.9% saline (S), 4 mL/kg of 7.5% saline (HS), 20 mL/kg of dextran 70 (D), 20 mL/kg of hetastarch (HES), or no fluids (control, C) on separate occasions. Fluids were administered at 150 mL/min in the S, D, and HES groups, and at 1 mL/kg/min in the HS group. Measurements and main results: Blood volume changes were measured every 20 seconds for 240 minutes using an in-line hematocrit monitor. There was a rapid rise in blood volume during all infusions. Immediately after the administration of crystalloid fluids, the rapid rise in blood volume ceased. Subsequently, there was a steep decline in blood volume for 10 minutes, and a slower decline thereafter. In contrast, the rise in blood volume continued for at least 10 minutes after the infusion of the colloids was complete, and a plateau was observed for the remainder of the experiment. The blood volume effect, as measured by area under the curve, was significantly greater in the saline group than the other groups during the infusion time and for the 0-240 minutes time period. The areas under the curve for the two colloid solutions were not significantly different from each other during any time periods. The percent increase in blood volume immediately following the infusions was 76.4 AE 10.0 in the S group, 17.1 AE 3.2 in the HS group, 23.0 AE 10.5 in the D group, and 27.2 AE 6.4 in the HES group. At 30 minutes from the start of the infusion, the mean percent increases in blood volumes were 35.2 AE 9.3 in the S group, 12.3 AE 0.9 in the HS group, 35.9 AE 7.3 in the D group, and 36.8 AE 6.5 in the HES group. At 240 h post-infusion, the mean percent increases in blood volume were 18.0 AE 9.7 in the S group, 2.9 AE 6.1 in the HS group, 25.6 AE 16.1 in the D group, and 26.6 AE 8.6 in the HES group. The C group had a mean percent change in blood volume of À 3.7 AE 3.4 at the end of the experiment. Conclusions: This study indicates that the rapid administration of saline at clinically relevant doses leads to the largest immediate increase in blood volume, although this change is transient because of rapid redistribution of the fluid. Despite a brief increase in blood volume that was almost 3 times the volume administered, hypertonic saline led to the smallest increase in blood volume post-infusion. The synthetic colloid solutions increased the blood volume by an amount greater than that infused and the effect was sustained for a longer period of time than seen following crystalloid administration, but the maximum increase in blood volume was significantly less than saline. The measurement of continuous changes in blood volume, using an in-line hematocrit monitor, was a useful means of assessing the dynamic effects of fluid administration in dogs in a research setting.(J Vet Emerg Crit Care ...

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“…Hypertonic saline solution has been extensively used in resuscitation of patients with traumatic brain injury . Using 7.2% NaCl intravenously injected, it has been reported a safety dosage of 5 mL/kg of body weight without inducing hypernatremia . Accordingly to this safety value, the maximum dosage at 20% NaCl would be 1.8 mL/kg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling liver electrical conductivity during hypertonic injection

Castellví

Sánchez-Velázquez

Moll

et al. 2017

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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Metastases in the liver frequently grow as scattered tumor nodules that neither can be removed by surgical resection nor focally ablated. Previously, we have proposed a novel technique based on irreversible electroporation that may be able to simultaneously treat all nodules in the liver while sparing healthy tissue. The proposed technique requires increasing the electrical conductivity of healthy liver by injecting a hypersaline solution through the portal vein. Aiming to assess the capability of increasing the global conductivity of the liver by means of hypersaline fluids, here, it is presented a mathematical model that estimates the NaCl distribution within the liver and the resulting conductivity change. The model fuses well-established compartmental pharmacokinetic models of the organ with saline injection models used for resuscitation treatments, and it considers changes in sinusoidal blood viscosity because of the hypertonicity of the solution. Here, it is also described a pilot experimental study in pigs in which different volumes of NaCl 20% (from 100 to 200 mL) were injected through the portal vein at different flow rates (from 53 to 171 mL/minute). The in vivo conductivity results fit those obtained by the model, both quantitatively and qualitatively, being able to predict the maximum conductivity with a 14.6% average relative error. The maximum conductivity value was 0.44 second/m, which corresponds to increasing 4 times the mean basal conductivity (0.11 second/m). The results suggest that the presented model is well suited for predicting on liver conductivity changes during hypertonic saline injection.

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Effect of Intravenous Infusion of a 7.2% Hypertonic Saline Solution on Serum Electrolytes and Osmotic Pressure in Healthy Beagles.

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

The Effect of 7.2% Hypertonic Saline Solution with 6% Dextran 70 on Cardiac Contractility as Observed by an Echocardiography in Normovolemic and Anesthetized Dogs

The Effect of 7.2% Hypertonic Saline Solution with 6% Dextran 70 on Cardiac Contractility as Observed by an Echocardiography in Normovolemic and Anesthetized Dogs

Assessment of changes in blood volume in response to resuscitative fluid administration in dogs

Modeling liver electrical conductivity during hypertonic injection

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